1. The Elements
On Our Earth

2. Elements in the Atmosphere
Our atmosphere contains many elements that we need in order to survive…
Nitrogen (N) gas in the atmosphere consists of N2 molecules (it is a diatomic molecule).
Oxygen (O) is found as O2 molecules.
Argon is found as a single, uncombined Ar atom.
Carbon Dioxide is released by us into the atmosphere as CO2. 2

3. Elements on the Earth
Our hydrosphere consists of all the water that occurs at the earth’s surface.
The chemical formula for water is H2O. 3

4. Elements in the earth’s Crust
The earth’s crust contains many elements such as Oxygen (O2), Silicon (Si), Aluminum (Al), Iron (Fe) and others!
Oxygen is the most abundant element. It is also very reactive.
Oxygen reacts with other elements for form solid mineral compounds (ie. sand)

5. Reactivity
How strongly an elements reacts with other elements is an important chemical property called reactivity

6. Other elements Metals All metals have certain properties in common
Metals conduct electricity and heat
Malleable and ductile
Solid state at room temperature (except mercury)
Shiny in appearance
Ex. Tin, Aluminium, Iron

7. Non Metals Have very different properties than metals
Can be gases or solids (only 1 liquid – bromine) at room temperature
Not shiny
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Brittle, Non-ductile
Ex. Hydrogen, Carbon, Sulfur

8. Metalloids Have properties of both metals and non-metals
Solids at room temperature
Can be shiny or dull
May or may not conduct electricity
Poor conductors of heat
Brittle and non-ductile
Ex. Silicon, Boron, Arsenic

9. Extraction of Metals
Most metals are reactive and have to be contained in other compounds.
These metals are mostly found in minerals
A mineral is a solid pure substance that occurs naturally in the earth’s crust
Mineral deposits are found in ores in the earth’s crust
The minerals have to be extracted from the earth

10. Extraction of Metals
When the ore is collected, the mineral goes through a process of concentration (to collect as much mineral as possible)
Once in mineral form, a process called decomposition allows the metal to be extracted and the excess unwanted materials are discarded