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DO NOW List the 7 forms of energy Mechanical Chemical Heat Atomic

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Presentation on theme: "DO NOW List the 7 forms of energy Mechanical Chemical Heat Atomic"— Presentation transcript:

1 DO NOW List the 7 forms of energy Mechanical Chemical Heat Atomic
Light Electric Sound

2 Light and Waves

3 Waves Waves carry energy without carrying matter.
Examples: water waves, sound waves, electromagnetic waves.

4

5 Parts of a Wave

6 Crest- the highest point of the wave.

7 Trough- the lowest point of the wave.

8 Wavelength- the distance from crest to crest.

9 Amplitude- the height of the wave from crest to mid point.

10 These waves have the same __________, but different ____________.

11 Greatest amplitude? Greatest wavelength? Greatest frequency?

12 Frequency depends on wavelength.
A short wavelength will have a high frequency. Frequency= Number of waves that pass by per second. (Units are Hertz)

13 Do Now: Label the parts of the wave

14 Electromagnetic Waves vs. Mechanical Waves
Mechanical waves need to travel in a medium (in something like water or air) or else they don’t exist. Electromagnetic waves can travel through empty space. (Radio waves, light, x-rays, UV light)

15 Mechanical Waves Transverse: Matter moves back and forth at right angles to the direction of the wave. Compressional (longitudinal) Wave: Matter moves forward and backward in the same direction the wave travels.

16

17 Rarefaction

18

19 Speed of Mechanical Waves
Factors Affecting Speed Density More Dense = Faster Speed Temperature Colder = Slower Speed Light travels faster than sound Lightning and Thunder

20 Density and Speed in ALL States of Matter
Faster = Solids (More Dense) Slower = Gases (Less Dense) Indians would put their ears to the ground to hear a stampede

21 What kind of wave is sound?
Sound is a Mechanical, Compressional Wave! Larger amplitude = louder sound. Higher frequency = Higher pitch

22 Applications of Sound SONAR SOund Navigation And Ranging
High frequency, ultrasonic waves that measure distance Bounce back as an echo Used to map sea floor and find lost ships Ultrasonic Cleaning Sound waves disrupt dust particles Used for delicate objects Ex. – Jewlery Medicine Find abnormal growths or fluids in the body Sonograms Ultrasonic pictures of the developing fetus Continuous movements that X-Rays cannot show Physical Therapy uses it to produce heat

23 Do Now What kind of wave is a sound wave?
Through what state of matter will a sound wave travel the fastest? Will a sound wave travel faster through higher or lower temperatures? What does the amplitude of a sound wave tell us? What does the frequency of a sound wave tell us?

24 Electromagnetic Spectrum
Electromagnetic Spectrum: The distribution of electromagnetic radiation according to energy. (frequency or wavelength)

25

26 Radio- Communications (AM/FM waves)
Microwaves- Microwaves cause water and fat molecules to vibrate; mobile phones, radar. Infrared- heat waves, remote controls, alarm systems, motion lights, night vision goggles Visible- you can see colors; CD players Ultraviolet- sun tanning (skin cancer), kill bacteria X-rays- health, luggage check at airport, cause cancer. Gamma Rays- very high energy waves, given off by stars and radioactive substances, used for radiation therapy to kill cancer cells. (Only blocked by concrete or lead.)

27

28

29 Radio Waves

30 Microwaves

31 Infrared

32 VISIBLE

33 UV Ray

34 A week later, he took an X-ray photograph of his wife's hand which clearly revealed her wedding ring and her bones. The photograph electrified the general public and aroused great scientific interest in the new form of radiation. Roentgen called it "X" to indicate it was an unknown type of radiation. The name stuck, although (over Roentgen's objections), many of his colleagues suggested calling them Roentgen rays. They are still occasionally referred to as Roentgen rays in German-speaking countries. X-Ray

35 Gamma Ray

36 DO NOW What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength?
High frequency  small wavelength Which wave has the lowest frequency? Radio Highest frequency? Gamma

37 Spectrum of Visible Light
The visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum can be further subdivided according to color.

38 The Visible Spectrum RED ORANGE YELLOW GREEN BLUE INDIGO VIOLET

39 Which color of Visible Light has the longest wavelength?
RED

40 Which color of Visible Light has the highest frequency?
VIOLET

41 Which type of wave has the next highest frequency above violet?
ULTRAVIOLET

42 Which type of EM wave has the highest frequency?
GAMMA

43 Which type of EM wave has the lowest frequency?
RADIO

44 VISIBLE LIGHT ROY G. BIV

45

46 RED VIOLET

47 Where did this light come from?
Your eye sees different colors because the light entering your eye has different wavelengths. Where did this light come from?

48 White Light What’s in white light?

49

50 Where did the other colors go?
They are ABSORBED

51 What colors does black reflect?
NONE: all are absorbed

52 NO Reflection

53 DO NOW How does your eye know the difference between colors?
If your shirt appears red which colors are absorbed and reflected?

54 Behavior of Waves Reflection- light rays bounce off
Refraction- Bending of light rays when passing through a new material Interference- When two waves hit each other Diffraction- Bending of waves around an object

55 Reflection The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.

56

57 PERISCOPE

58 A material can be: Opaque: NO light passes through Translucent: Some light passes through Transparent: All light passes through

59 Refraction Light bends because it slows down when it enters a new material (such as water). air water

60 Examples of Refraction

61 Objects appear to be bent or not where they really are!

62 Refraction Speed of light in AIR Speed of light in WATER
Light slows down when it enters a new material. Speed of light in AIR 300 million m/s Speed of light in WATER 227 million m/s Speed of light in GLASS 197 million m/s

63 This is how a prism works!

64

65 Rainbows happen because of Refraction

66 Water droplets act like prisms.

67 Water droplets act like prisms.

68 Interference When two waves hit each other. This can cause them to cancel out or add together.

69 Diffraction Bending of waves around an obstacle
Example: Ocean waves hitting objects Bending of the Waves

70 Do now Describe how a rainbow is formed

71

72 Refraction can magnify objects!

73 Convex vs Concave

74 Convex/Concave Surface

75 Convex/Concave Surface

76 Mirrors

77 Convex/Concave Lens

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