1. New World Beginnings
Beginning of Time – 1769 C.E.

2. Bell Ringer
What evidence exists that proves that there were native peoples living in America prior to the Europeans arriving?
What does this evidence tell us about these people?
Where are these people most likely to settle? Are there any geographic limitations?

3. Objectives Identify the role that geography has on native peoples.
Describe the purpose of exploring other lands and what explorers hoped to find in a “new world”.
Predict the influence that other cultures might have on the native peoples.

4. Shaping North America
Formation of mountain ranges limits the native peoples
The Ice Age led to the development of the North American landscape
The discovery of Clovis brings shocking evidence
Scattered evidence leads us to question
In what ways might misconceptions about the geography of the Americas have influenced further exploration and settlement patterns?

5. How many were there? 15 million people in Northern America
The Aztecs and the Incas taxed and had record keeping systems
Historians are beginning to accept oral traditions

6. The Earliest Americans
The Aztecs were a nomadic people that came from Tenochtitlan (Mexico City)
It would take a lot of work to make the city on a lake
Aztecs were recognized as having an empire

7. The Earliest Americans
The Incas came from the Andes Mountains
Rose to power in the 1400s
Sophisticated empirical structure
Elaborate class and government structure

8. The Earliest Americans
The Anasazi had elaborate road networks and irrigation systems
Cahokia, W. Illinois Moundbuilders
Several mounds with elaborate structure

9. The Earliest Americans
Natives tried to take people hostage
Gender roles – women were important
Rule by consensus
Major contributions:
Farming, technology, math, religion, government
The “three sisters” provided the necessary nutrition for civilizations to thrive

10. Discovering America
The first Europeans to make it to America – the Vikings
The Norse men – led by Eric The Red target monasteries due to wealth of the churches
1960s research found Viking discoveries in Canada – first non-permanent European settlement

11. Christopher Columbus Knew of Marco Polo’s travels in Asia
Trading success in spices , silks
Riches of the east stimulate
Portuguese set the stage for exploration, discover slavery
Columbus persuades Ferdinand and Isabella to set sail
Sent as a thank-offering
Technology influences spread of knowledge
Columbus makes land fall in October 1492 in the Bahamas
Discovery stimulates a global economic system

12. REview What role did geography have on the settling of native people?
Why did European nations explore new lands?
How will European nations influence the native people?

13. Assignment Define vocabulary at the end of the chapter
Explain the role of the people at the end of the chapter (write down one thing they contributed)

14. New World Beginnings
Beginning of Time – 1769 C.E.

15. Bell Ringer
During the 16th century all of the major countries of Europe built empires by establishing colonies in the New World. Write a description of how colonies could provide wealth and power for these European countries.

16. Objectives Analyze the benefits and drawbacks of globalization.
Describe the influence of European conquest on the native people.

17. When Worlds Collide
The international economy is revolutionized through the Columbian exchange
Both the Old World and the New World benefit from sharing ideas
Diseases such as malaria, smallpox kill a large percentage of Indians
“The deadliest killers were microbes, not muskets.”

18. The Columbian Exchange

19. Conquest
The Treaty of Tordesillas establishes a Line of Demarcation to divide the “heathen lands”
Spanish conquistadores explore for “god, gold and glory”
Notable conquistadores:
Ferdinand Magellan, Juan Ponce de Leon, Francisco Coronado
Bullion is the new form of currency, laying the foundations of the modern commercial banking system

20. Conquest
Capitalism helps stimulate the spread of commerce and manufacturing
West Indies serves as a testing ground, encomienda
Hernan Cortes uses Malinche to understand the Aztec culture
After friendly interactions, Tenochtitlan is destroyed by Spanish rule
Intermarriage led to a new culture of mestizos
“Who of those in future centuries will believe this? I myself who am writing this and saw it and know the most about it can hardly believe that such was possible.”

21. Conquest The Spanish colonies flourish throughout the world
To have dominion over the land, the Spanish decide to settle in North America
Colonizing was an opportunity to convert natives into Christians
Spanish lay claim to lands out West including Texas and California
The Black Legend threatens interactions between the Spanish and the natives

22. REview What role did geography have on the settling of native people?
Why did European nations explore new lands?
How will European nations influence the native people?
In what ways did the New World and Old World benefit each other? Drawbacks?

23. End of Chapter Discussion Question
How did political, economic, and technological developments in Europe between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries influence exploration and eventual conquest of the New World? Compare and contrast how the European and New World cultures influenced one another.
***Add this to your discussion questions for tomorrow.

24. What you can Do… American Dream paper Vocabulary/People
Discussion Questions
Review