1. Intro to Cell Biology VOCAB ONLY

2. Another name for a “living thing”
Another name for a “living thing”
organism
Particle found in the nucleus of an atom with a positive charge
proton

3. autotroph Process in which offspring are
Organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food; also called a producer
autotroph
Process in which offspring are
produced by combining genetic material
from 2 parents
Sexual reproduction

4. cellulose Structural polysaccharide used to make plants sturdy
Special kind of nucleotide used by cells to store the energy released from burning glucose.
ATP
RIBOSE
Image by Riedell

5. Unfolding that happens to a protein
in extreme temperatures or pH that
causes it to change shape
denaturing
Stimulus that comes from outside
an organism
External stimulus

6. An organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world
science
A short DNA segment that gives
the instructions for a protein
gene

7. The subunits made of a nitrogen base, and sugar, and a phosphate group used to make nucleic acids
nucleotides
Polysaccharide used by animal cells
to store glucose for later
glycogen

8. steroids Kind of lipid made from carbon and
hydrogen joined in rings instead of
chains that make up cell membranes and
can act as hormones
steroids

9. monosaccharide pH Carbohydrate molecule like glucose
that is made from only ONE sugar
molecule
monosaccharide
Scale used to measure acidity
Molecule formed when a substrate bonds to the active site of an enzyme pH
Enzyme-substrate complex

10. Process in which offspring are produced from the genetic material
Organism that obtains energy from the food it consumes; also called a consumer
heterotroph
Process in which offspring are
produced from the genetic material
of a single parent
Asexual reproduction

11. Molecule that is REALLY, REALLY BIG
macromolecule
Stimulus that comes from inside
an organism
internal stimulus

12. Another name for a heterotroph consumer
Atomic particle with a negative charge
electron
A signal to which an organism responds
stimulus
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13. Place in an atom where electrons orbit
Change in an organism over time; Process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms
evolution
Place in an atom where electrons
orbit
Energy levels

14. cell The process in which cells change as they grow and develop to
The basic unit of life is the ________.
The process in which cells change
as they grow and develop to
become specialized with different
functions
differentiation

15. Embryonic cell that has the potential to differentiate into a variety cell types
Stem cell
Reactant that binds to the active
site of an enzyme during a
chemical reaction
substrate

16. producer neutron polysaccharide Another name for an autotroph
Neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom
neutron
Molecule such as glycogen, starch, or
cellulose, made by joining many
monosaccharide (sugar) molecules
together
polysaccharide

17. 5 carbon sugar used to make RNA
5 carbon sugar used to make RNA
ribose
Macromolecule made of a polar
glycerol phosphate head and
non- polar tails used to
make cell membranes
phospholipid
Image by Riedell

18. metabolism multicellular organic All the chemical reactions through
which an organism builds up or
breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes
metabolism
Organism made of many cells
multicellular
Molecules found in living things
that contain CARBON
organic

19. hemoglobin Protein that carries oxygen found in red blood cells
Kind of chemical reaction used by cells to join molecules together by removing an H and OH to make a water molecule
Dehydration synthesis

20. Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
homeostasis
Substances produced during a chemical reaction that are found on the right side of a chemical equation
products

21. Describes a polar molecule that mixes easily with water; means “water loving”
hydrophilic
Small unit that can join together with
other small units to form polymers
monomer
Image by Riedell

22. glucose The carbohydrate molecule that cells burn to release energy
Place on an enzyme where the substrate attaches
Active site

23. glycoprotein Molecule made of a protein with
Molecule made of a protein with
carbohydrates attached found
in cell membranes that helps
in cell identification
glycoprotein
Protein hormone, missing in people
with diabetes, that tells cells to store
glucose as glycogen
insulin

24. Double stranded nucleic acid molecule
containing A, T, C, G nitrogen bases
found in chromosomes that stores
genetic information
DNA
Macromolecule made by joining MANY sugar molecules together in a chain
polysaccharide

25. Energy required to get a chemical reaction started
Activation energy
Attraction between oppositely
charged regions of nearby molecules
Van der Waals forces
Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by decreasing the
activation energy
catalyst

26. photosynthesis unicellular hydrolysis
The process plants use to capture energy from the sun and make glucose
photosynthesis
Organism made of only one cell
unicellular
Chemical reaction in which a molecule
is broken apart by the addition of the
H and OH from a water molecule
hydrolysis

27. enzyme Hydrogen bonds Protein that acts as a biological
catalyst in living things to help
chemical reactions happen faster
enzyme
Attraction between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules involving the hydrogen atoms of one molecule and the partially negatively charged
atoms in another molecule
Hydrogen bonds
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28. protein polar Macromolecule that contains carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, made
by joining amino acid subunits
protein
Molecule with an uneven pattern of electric charges; More + on one side/ more – on the other
polar
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29. disaccharide Carbohydrate made from TWO sugar molecules
Polysaccharide made from just a few (2-10) sugar molecules
oligosaccharide

30. Substances on the left side of a chemical equation which react
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5 carbon sugar used to make DNA
deoxyribose
An atom that has gained or lost
electrons so it has an electric charge
ion
Substances on the left side of a
chemical equation which react
reactants

31. hydrophobic Nitrogen bases
Describes a non-polar molecule that tries to stay away from water; means “water fearing”
hydrophobic
One of the components (including adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil) that make up nucleotides
Nitrogen bases

32. Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms usually in a ratio of 1 C: 2 H: 1 O which is a major source of energy for the human body
carbohydrate
Large molecule made by joining smaller monomer subunits together
polymer
Image by Riedell

33. Macromolecule made mainly of carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes and steroids, which is generally hydrophobic
lipid
Macromolecule made of nucleotide subunits
containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, and phosphorus which stores and
transports information in cells and helps
in protein synthesis
nucleic acid

34. RNA (ribonucleic acid)
Single stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose and the nitrogen bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
Subunit used to make proteins made up
of a carbon atom attached to
a hydrogen,
a carboxyl group (-COOH),
an amino group
(-NH2) , and a variable R group
Amino acid
Image by Riedell

35. The science of life (study of living things) is called _______________
Polysaccharide used by PLANT cells
to store glucose for later
starch
The science of life (study of living things) is called _______________
biology
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid