1. Chemical Reactions

2. Chemical reaction Format
Generic Format A + B C + D
Reactants
Products
Substances being mixed
LHS of arrow
Substance being made
RHS of arrow
“Yield” = reaction taking place

3. Types of Chemical Reactions
There are five basic types of chemical reactions:
Synthesis
Decomposition
Single Replacement
Double Replacement
Combustion
Five Major Classes of Reactions

4. Synthesis Synthesis means “to make” Always makes 1 product Fe2O3 Fe
Generic RXN
A + B C
Always
makes
1 product
Real Life reaction
Fe2O3 Fe
+ O2
Iron (III) Oxide
AKA RUST
Iron main component in steel
Oxygen

5. Synthesis Reactions
Synthesis reactions happen when two or more substances combine to form one compound.
2 Na + Cl2  2 NaCl
Al + P  AlP

6. Synthesis

7. Synthesis

9. Magnesium and oxygen
Magnesium and Oxygen (shorter)
Iron and Sulfur
Zinc and Iodine

10. Decomposition Only 1 Reactant Generic Reaction A B + C
Real Life Reaction
H2O2 H2 + O2
Hydrogen Peroxide

11. Decomposition Reactions
Decomposition Reactions happen when one substance breaks down into two or more simpler substances.
CaF2  Ca + F2
2 Fe2O3  4 Fe O2

13. Decomposition

14. Decomposition

15. Hydrogen Peroxide decomposition
Simple Elephant Toothpaste
Old foamy (Elephant Toothpaste!)
Sad Gummy Bear
Decomposition of Potassium Chlorate and Sugar (at 1:22)

16. Synthesis and Decomposition
Summary

17. Single Displacement Generic Reaction A + XY X + AY A + XY Y + XA
Metal for a metal
A + XY
X + AY OR
A + XY
Y + XA
Non-metal for a Non-metal

18. Single Displacement A + XY X + AY Always a Single Element
Always a Compound (2 or more elements)

19. Single Displacement Al + HCl H2 + AlCl3 Single Element
Compound (2 or more elements)

20. Single Replacement Reactions
Single Replacement reactions happen when one element is replaced by another in a compound
A + BC  AC + B
Zn + CuCl  ZnCl + Cu
MgO + Ca  Mg + CaO

22. Single Displacement

24. Copper (II) Chloride and Aluminum AND Copper (II) Chloride and Magnesium
Zinc and Hydrochloric acid
Exploding Egg

25. Double Displacement XB + AY AB + XY 2 Compounds
Generic Reaction
XB + AY
AB + XY
2 Compounds
(2 or more elements bonded together)

26. Double displacement KI + Pb(NO3)2 PbI2 + KNO3 Compound 1 Compound 2
K and Pb switch

27. Double Replacement Reactions
Double Replacement reactions happen when two elements in a reaction exchange places with each other.
AB + CD  AD + CB
PbCl + KBr  PbBr + KCl
HCl+Ca(OH)2H(OH)+CaCl2

29. Double Displacement

30. Lead Nitrate and Potassium Iodide
Precipitation Reactions

31. EXCEPTION!!!! Incomplete combustion… your job to look this one up!
Burning a substance in the presence of oxygen (O2)
Generic reaction
CxHy
+ O2
CO2 + H2O
Hydrocarbon
ALWAYS
EXCEPTION!!!! Incomplete combustion… your job to look this one up!

32. Combustion CO2 + H2O CO2 + H2O C8H18 + O2 Gasoline CH3OH + O2 Octane
Methanol

33. Combustion Reactions
Combustion Reactions involve the burning (O2) of a hydrocarbon to form carbon dioxide and water.
CXHY + O2  CO2 + H2O
2C2H6+7O24CO2 + 6H2O
2CH4 + 4O2  2CO2 + 4H2O

36. Combustion of Alcohols
Fire It Up Reactions
Methane Bubbles
Budapest Combustion (long)
Plasma Bottle with Ethyl Alcohol

37. Water Forming (Neutralization)
Carbon Snake
Sugar and Sulfuric Acid