1. Classification of Plants
7th Life Science
Mrs. Kim Lawson

2. Taxonomy
The science of identifying and classifying plants

3. Carolus Linneaus
binomial nomenclature two-name scientific name for all living organisms

4. Scientific Names
Latin is the language used for scientific classification because it is a “dead language”
The first word is the genus and the second word is the species. If there are additional words, they indicate a variety of that plant

5. Genus vs. Species
Plants in the same genus have similar characteristics
Example “Quercus” is the genus name for all oak trees:
Quercus alba – white oak
Quercus rubra – red oak
Quercus stellata – post oak
Quercus prinus – chestnut oak
Plants in the same species consistently produce plants of the same type

6. A SPECIES is defined as…
A group of similar-looking organisms that can interbreed under natural conditions and produce offspring that are capable of reproduction

7. Scientific Classification
After Domain, the broadest category of scientific classification is the Kingdom:
Plant
Animal
Protista
Fungi
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria

8. The broadest category in the Plant Kingdom is the Phyla,
but for PLANTS, is called a DIVISION
Eukarya Domain
Then 4 Divisions: mosses, ferns,
conifers and flowering plants

9. 4 Plant Divisions
The four most important divisions of the plant (Plantae) Kingdom are:
Mosses (also includes hornworts and liverworts)
Ferns
Conifers
Flowering plants

10. Mosses (Liverworts, hornworts)

11. Seedless, Nonvascular Plants
Live in moist environments
Liverworts
Hornworts
Mosses

14. FERNS
This is a “fiddlehead”
These dots are “spores”

17. Seed producing, Vascular Plants
1) Seed plants don’t depend on water to reproduce
Pollen (contains sperm) combines with egg
Egg hardens into a seed
2) Nourishment and protection
Nourish: Nutrients inside seed for the embryo
Protection: Hard shell
3) Allow dispersal
Carried by wind,
water, animals
2 types:
Gymnosperms
and
Angiosperms

18. Seed producing, Vascular Plants
Type 1 - Gymnosperms
Seeds not enclosed in a fruit
produced inside cones
Cone = reproductive structure
Male cones: produce pollen
Female cones: produce eggs and seeds

19. Gymnosperms

20. Seed producing Vascular Plants
Gymosperm example: Conifers
Cone plants
Needle-like leaves
Common to lumber industry
Evergreen, Pine, Redwood, Cedar

21. Seed producing Vascular Plants
Type 2 Angiosperms (flowering plants)
Flower = reproductive structure
Protects gamete and fertilized eggs
Seeds enclosed in a fruit
Fruit: Plant ovary
Often attract animals
to disperse the seeds
inside

22. Fruit Production Fruit seeds in fox droppings In the seed Embryo
Food supply
Surrounding ovary grows
into a fruit
Fruit attracts animals to eat and spread the seeds
Fruit seeds in fox droppings

23. Angiosperm types (flowering plants)
2 groups:
Monocots and Dicots
(based on seed type)
Monocots: embryo with 1 seed leaf
Dicots: embryo with 2 seed leaves

24. A cotyledon is the embryonic leaf /kot ə lee dun/
Peanut seeds (dicot) cut in half showing the embryos with cotyledons and early root.

25. A seedling of 
Pinus halepensis
(Aleppo pine)
with eight
cotyledons

27. and dicot plant (right)
Comparison of a
monocot and dicot
sprouting:
The visible part of the monocot plant (left) is actually the first true leaf
and dicot plant (right)

28. Angiosperm Life Spans Three Life Span Types: Annuals
1 year: Mature…produce seeds…die
Biennials
1st year: produces short stem, low growth leaves, food reserves
2nd year: taller stem, leaves, flowers, seeds
Perennials
Live for more than 2 years

29. Annuals
1 year:
Mature…
produce seeds…
Die.

30. Biennials
1st year: produces short stem, low growth leaves, food reserves
2nd year: taller stem, leaves, flowers, seeds

31. Perennials
Live for more
than 2 years….

32. Flowers Reproductive structure of flowering plants Sepals
outer ring of leaves
protection
Petals
Inner ring of leaves
Brightly colored to attract pollinators
Open petals & sepals reveal male and female structures

33. Flowers Female Carpel/Pistil Inner most part Ovary: within the base
Style: long stalk
Stigma: sticky tip, collects pollen
Male Stamen
Surrounds pistil
Filaments: long stalks
Anther: produces pollen