1. Aim: What was the Pax Romana
Aim: What was the Pax Romana? What where some contributions of the Roman Empire?

2. THE PAX ROMANA: ROMAN PEACE
(27 B.C. – 180 A.D.)

3. 200 Years of Peace and Stability in Rome
PAX ROMANA
200 Years of Peace and Stability in Rome

4. Begins with the rule of Augustus Caesar www. uoregon
Begins with the rule of Augustus Caesar
Defeats forces of Marc Antony and Cleopatra
Solidifies power around 27 B.C.
Becomes “Emperor of Rome”

5. Pax Romana Economic Impact
Established uniform system of money - expands trade
Guaranteed safe travel and trade in empire
Army - Roman legions
Great road system - 50,000 miles of highway
Promoted prosperity

6. Pax Romana Social Impact
Returned stability of social classes
Increased emphasis on family

7. Pax Romana Political Impact
Created Civil Service
Developed uniform rule of law
12 Tables

8. Roman Law Most lasting and widespread contribution
Laws were fair and applied equally to all people.
All persons had the right to equal treatment under the law.
Innocent until proven guilty
The burden of proof lies with the accuser, not the accused.
A person should be punished for actions, not for thoughts.
Guilt must be established “clearer than daylight” through evidence.
These laws became the basis for legal systems in Europe and Latin America

9. Roman public health
First to realise the connection between dirty water and poor health
Had Aqueducts and sewers
Realised that you had to build towns and settlements away from swamps and near rivers
Army had clean hospitals with good ventilation

10. Literature and History
The Roman Empire was unified through language. Latin was adopted by many different people and became the basis for other languages, Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, and English.
Poetry – Virgil wrote the Aeneid
History – Livy – wrote The History of Rome from its foundation

11. Philosophy
Borrowed philosophical ideas from Greeks and Hellenistic civilization
Stoicism: stresses the importance of duty, accepting one’s fate
Educated Greeks admired the Romans’ work.

12. Literature and History
Roman poet, Virgil, writes Aenid.
Hoped to arouse patriotism and unite Rome after many civil wars.
Historian, Livy, wrote about Rome’s past to arouse patriotism, as well.
Told stories of heroes

13. ROMAN
ARCHITECTURE

14. Architecture Romans borrowed Greek columns.
Wanted to show off their power and prestige by building immense palaces, temples, and stadiums.
First to create arches

15. The Pantheon Served as a temple to the Gods
Also used for political meetings
Used domes to allow roofing over large structures.

16. Pantheon’s Dome

17. Pantheon’s Interior

18. Roman Bath
Roman Bath

19. Roman Science A. Simplification of Greek knowledge
B. Pliny the Elder (23 – 79)
Natural History
Facts, no theory
No skepticism about claims
“… the place which is known by the name of Geskleithron, the Arimaspi are said to exist a nation remarkable for having but one eye, and that placed in the middle of the forehead. This race is said to carry on a perpetual warfare with the Griffins, a kind of monster, with wings, as they are commonly represented, for the gold which they dig out of the mines, and which these wild beasts retain and keep watch over with a singular degree of cupidity, while the Arimaspi are equally desirous to get possession of it.”

20. Greek and
Roman
art and architecture
are all around us

21. Arch of Constantine

23. Roman
Entertainment

24. Roman Coliseum Used for: Training slaves to fight Gladiator contests
Battles, dramas, and executions

25. Arena is Latin for sand, coating the floor that soaks up the blood of the combatants.

26. Circus Maximus Rome’s largest racecourse
Chariot racing – winners of the race were hailed heroes!
Both the Coliseum and Circus Maximus diverted the attention of the poor to the enjoyment of games, races, and battles.
Used as a way to control the mob!

27. Early Roman Amphitheater
Seats about 20,000

28. Roman Theater

29. Roman Roads Originally built for the Roman Army
Complex roads brought the empire together.
ALL ROADS LEAD TO ROME!

30. Roman Aqueduct
Definition: bridge-like stone channel that brought water from the hills to the city
Only the rich had water piped in.
People gathered here to wash and hear the latest news.
Availability of fresh water was important to the Romans.

31. Aqueduct in Segovia

32. Hadrian’s Wall
in Britain

33. Roman Sculpture Romans borrowed much of their art from the Greeks.
Their statues had expression and attitude; represented the power and leadership of Rome.
Adopted “realism” from Hellenistic civilizations
Revealed every aspect of detail (good or bad!)

34. The Sciences
Greco-Roman Civilization: a blend of Greek, Roman, and Hellenistic culture and traditions
A lot of the science was left to the Greeks (who were now citizens of Rome).
Alexandria, in Egypt, continued to be the center of learning.
Pliny the Elder
Roman scientist who compiled volumes of geography, zoology, botany, and others.

35. Roman Mosaics
Mosaics were pictures or designs made by setting small pieces of stone, glass, or tile onto surface.

36. Lasting Impressions
Jefferson Memorial

37. Lincoln Memorial

38. U.S. Capitol Building

39. Federal Court, in NYC

40. Statue of Justice US Supreme Court Building

41. Metropolitan Museum of Art

42. YOUR TURN!!!
Using your notes on Roman Achievements during the Pax Romana, state the importance of that contribution by giving it a percentage out of 100.
For example, if you feel that the Twelve Tables are the most important contribution, it could make up 40% of the nutritional facts; if you feel that aqueducts did not provide enough of a contribution, you can make them worth only 5% of the nutritional value.
YOUR NUTRITION FACTS MUST EQUAL UP TO 100%.
The following six (6) categories for achievements MUST be included in the “Nutrition Facts”
Be sure to include a specific achievement for each category!
1. Architecture
2. Entertainment
3. Science
4. Art
5. Engineering
6. Literature/Philosophy/History