1. ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Lesson 1

2. Warm up
KWL…. about chemistry, atom, periodic table, compounds

3. 8.P.1 Understand the properties of matter and changes that occur when matter interacts in an open and closed container. 8.P.1.1 Classify matter as elements, compounds, or mixtures based on how the atoms are packed together in arrangements.

4. Basic Chemistry
Everything around you is made up of either MATTER or ENERGY.
MATTER is anything with mass and volume, no matter the size.
The periodic table is a summary of all ELEMENTS in the universe, which make up MATTER.
An ELEMENT is the most basic kind of matter and CAN NOT be broken down into simpler substances. ELEMENTS are pure.

5. YES….U Lil Darling..MATTER…
HEY….What’s the Matter?
Matter – anything that has mass and volume…IN OTHER WORDS…
EVERYTHING IS MATTER!
YES….U Lil Darling..MATTER…
@ least to ME 
There are 3 States of Matter…what are they?
Solid, Liquid & Gas…& ?
Students represent 

6. Big Idea 1…Atoms (why can you NEVER trust an atom?)
All matter is made up of atoms
So what’s an atom?
An atom is the smallest part of whatever it makes up

7. contains millions of atoms!
Did YOU Know?????
It would take YOU about 500 years to count the # of atoms in a grain of salt! ….o my!
contains millions of atoms!

8. Elements are substances that are made up of only one type of atom
Big Idea 2...Elements
Atoms make up elements
So what’s an element?
Elements are substances that are made up of only one type of atom
(There are over 100 different elements & each element is made of a different atom)

9. The Atoms Family

10. The Addams Family
Brain Break!!

11. http://www.youtube.com/wat ch?v=D-iPPwDAk1Q

12. 3rd Verse:
Neutrons can be found,
Where protons hang around;
Electrons they surround
The Atoms Family.
Chorus
Chorus:
They are So small.
(Snap, snap)
They are Round Like a ball.
They Make up the Air
They’re every where
Can’t see them at all.
1st Verse:
They’re tiny and they’re teeny,
Much smaller than a beany,
They never can be seeny,
The Atoms Family.
2nd Verse:
Together they make gases,
And liquids like molasses,
And all the solid masses,
The Atoms Family
Chorus

15. Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen
Most Common Elements
Universe = Hydrogen (about 90% of total mass of Universe)
Atmosphere = Nitrogen (about 78%)
Humans = Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Humans are 61-65% Oxygen!
“CHON”
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen

16. How Do Elements Get Their Names???
1) Areas where they are found (EX: Magnesium ~ Greek region of Magnesia
2) Greek Words (it’s all GREEK to me ) (EX: Lithium ~ “Lithos” meaning stone in Greek
3) Planets (EX: Neptunium ~ Neptune)
4) After Scientists (EX: A very smart person?? Einsteinium)
5) Latin Words (EX: Gold ~ Aurum = Au)
H & O sitting in a bar….. LOL!!! 

17. Big Idea 3…Atomic Structure
Atoms are made of even smaller parts
SohNucleus – the center of an atom
Electron Cloud: all of the electrons circling together around the nucleus

18. BOTH are found inside of the nucleus
Protons & Neutrons (Protons & Neutrons are about the same size and mass)
Protons
Neutrons
Protons have a positive charge
R-U-Sure?? 
Neutrons have no charge
For U Mr. Neutron…. 
BOTH are found inside of the nucleus

19. Electron Cloud: Electrons have a negative charge
Electrons are MUCH smaller than protons or neutrons (2000 Xs smaller)
Electrons orbit the nucleus on paths called energy levels (rings or shells)

20. Atomic Structure

21. Overall charge of nucleus = +
*ELECTRONS will always orbit around the nucleus in the ELECTRON CLOUD (TVs, computers…images created by moving electron beam)
Overall charge of nucleus = +
Overall charge of electron cloud = ---
***Opposite charges attract & Like charges repel!!***
Heat, light or energy can EXCITE an electron and move it to an orbit further from the nucleus!

22. Bringing it all together… For example, OXYGEN is an element on the periodic table. It is made of only one type of atom
A c t u a l O y g e n A t o m

23. Interpret a Square on the Periodic Table
Elements go in order based on Atomic Number (= # of protons)
Symbol & Name
Atomic Mass = protons + neutrons, decimal because it is average of all isotopes of element
Electrons = same # as Protons (if neutral atom!)
To find # of neutrons: SUBTRACT Atomic # from Atomic Mass # (rounded)

24. Atomic Number = The number of protons
This is an atom’s ID #
In a neutral atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons
Atomic Mass = The number of protons + number of
neutrons inside the nucleus …

25. PRACTICE Atomic Number Symbol Name Atomic Mass
SYMBOL RULES:
ELEMENT SYMBOLS
START WITH A CAPITAL
LETTER…any other
letters in the symbol
are lower case…..
Co ≠ CO !!
Atomic Number
Symbol
Name
Atomic Mass
Atomic number equals the number
of ____________ or ________________.
Atomic mass equals the number of ______________ + _______________.

26. To find the number of neutrons:
Round the Atomic Mass (P + N) to a whole number
Atomic Mass – Atomic Number = # of Neutrons 

29. The Atoms Family from Matterville
In the center of Matterville, there is a place called the Nucleus Arcade, where two members of the Atoms Family like to hang out. Perky Patty Proton, like her sisters, is quite large with a huge smile and eyes that sparkle (+). Patty is always happy and has a very positive personality. Nerdy Nelda Neutron is large like Patty, but she has a boring, flat mouth and eyes with zero expression (o). Patty, Nelda, and their sisters spend all their time at the arcade.
Name:
Patty Proton
Description:
Positive
Favorite Activity:
Hanging out at the Nucleus Arcade
Name:
Nelda Neutron
Description:
Neutral
Favorite Activity:
Hanging out at the Nucleus Arcade

30. Around the Nucleus Arcade, you will find a series of roadways that are used by the brothers in the Atoms Family. Elliott Electron races madly around the Arcade on his go-kart. He rides so fast that no one can be sure where he is at any time. Elliott is much smaller than Patty and Nelda and he is always angry because his big sisters will not let him in the Arcade. He has a frown on his face, eyes that are squinted with anger, and a very negative (-) attitude. Elliot and his brothers are forced to hang out on the streets outside the arcade.
Name:
Elliott Electron
Description:
Negative
Favorite Activity:
Racing around the arcade

31. Energy Street can only hold 2 Electron brothers
Energy Street can only hold 2 Electron brothers. The second street, called the Energy Freeway, can hold 8 brothers. The third energy street, called the Energy Superhighway, can hold 8 of the brothers.
Matterville
3rd Energy Level
“Energy Superhighway” Can hold 8 electrons
2nd Energy Level
“Energy Freeway”
Can hold 8 electrons
First Energy Level
“Energy Street” Can hold 2 electrons
Nucleus
“Arcade” Contains protons & neutrons

32. The Moral of Matterville
MATTERVILLE IS NEUTRAL AS LONG AS IT HAS THE SAME NUMBER OF PROTONS (+) AND ELECTRONS (-) SO THE TOWN HAS A BALANCED CHARGE!
BUT WHAT HAPPENS WHEN IT DOESN’T?
…TO BE CONTINUED!

33. How are the particles arranged?
Bohr Model of the atom:
All of the protons and the neutrons
The 3rd ring can hold up to 8 e-
The 1st ring can hold up to 2 e-
The 2nd ring can hold up to 8 e-

34. Draw Bohr models (atomic models) for
As a class:
Boron
On your own:
Oxygen
Lithium
Draw on page 2

35. Mass of solid, liquid, gas demonstration
Mass of solid, liquid, gas demonstration ..chem book, balance cups on ruler..add b.soda to vinegar in a separate container…pour into one of the cups…”scale” changes as gas is poured into cup MASS DEMONSTRATION Using marble to represent p + n, take the mass…add much smaller item (grains of sand) to represent e..measure the mass again…is the mass of the electrons significant?

36. ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Lesson 2

37. REVIEW FIRST OF ALL, WHAT IS AN ATOM? PROTON? NEUTRON? ELECTRON?
ATOMIC NUMBER?
ATOMIC MASS?
ELEMENT?

38. REVIEW

39. MATTER (ATOMS)
Need to be stable ---a stable atom has a complete outer shell of electrons outer shell of electrons are called valence electrons the number of electrons in the outer shell = valence # Need to have a neutral overall charge ---if an atom has gained or lost e- in order to become stable, it will bond with another atom(s) that have an opposite charge in order to be neutral

40. An atom can become stable by changing the # of Electrons = Ions
Ions are atoms that have a charge (either + or - )
Ions form when an atom gains or loses electrons
Gain (take) an electron = negative charge
Lose (give) an electron = positive charge

41. LET’S PRACTICE WITH IONS!!!!!! …. What did one ion say to another ion??? 

42. Matterville is neutral as long as each negative Electron brother is balanced out by one positive Proton sister. The number of residents in Matterville depends on the total number of Proton and Neutron families.
Challenge: What would happen in Matterville if one Electron brother was kidnapped?

43. Challenge 2: What would happen in Matterville if Electron Eddie, a cousin, moved to Matterville?

44. Isotopes
ISOTOPES: atoms of the same element with a different # of NEUTRONS. To find ATOMIC MASS # OF ISOTOPES: Add PROTONS + NEUTRONS EX: Chlorine atoms – 17 protons However..some Cl atoms have 18 neutrons; some have 20 neutrons

45. LET’S PRACTICE WITH ISOTOPES!! 

46. Changing the # of Neutrons = Isotopes
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons.
Gaining or losing a neutron is like gaining or losing weight…same identity, different mass!

47. https://www. proprofs. com/quiz-school/quizshow. php
Quick On-Line Quiz You Can Take on Bohr Models!! Bring in your GRADED CERTIFICATE of Completion for BONUS GRADE 

48. Changing the # of Protons = Different Element
The number of protons determines what element it is!
This is the element’s IDENTITY!
Atoms that lose protons are called radioactive.