1. Vitamins
&
Minerals

2. What Are Vitamins?
They are compounds that we get from the earth and plants
Known as organic compounds; occuring naturally
Vitamins are vital for human survival, and other living organisms (animals)
Some can be made inside our bodies, but some we must get from our diet or have supplements

3. Categories of Vitamins
Water Soluble Vitamins versus Fat Soluble Vitamins
Water soluble vitamins dissolve in water and are removed from your body with your urine
Fat soluble vitamins dissolve in fat and are stored in your body and recycled

4. Water Vs. Fat Soluble

5. What Do Vitamins Do?
Vitamins are involved in many different functions of our bodies!
Energy metabolism: help break down the food you digest to provide your body with energy
the B vitamins are involved in energy metabolism
Some vitamins help you grow and develop before you are even born!
Vitamin B12 and folic acid

6. What Do Vitamins Do? Vitamin A helps you see well
Have you ever heard of carotenoids? (hint: they’re in orange veggies)
Some vitamins act as antioxidants, meaning they protect you from free radicals (dangerous)
Vitamin C and Vitamin E

7. Where Do We Find Vitamins?
B-vitamins: meat, eggs, diary products, leafy green veggies, grain products
Vitamin C: citrus fruit
Vitamin E: eggs, oil
Vitamin D: eggs, milk, oil and the sun!

8. Minerals Minerals are organic compounds just like vitamins
Minerals are retrieved from the ground, but we also get them from our food!

9. What Do Minerals Do?
Just like vitamins, minerals are involved in many different functions of the body!
Some minerals help your bones get nice and strong
What is this mineral?
Some minerals help deliver oxygen to your body

10. What Do Minerals Do? Some minerals are involved in nervous function
potassium & sodium
Some minerals are involved in digestion
Some minerals are involved in red blood cell production

11. Where Do We Find Minerals?
Calcium is found in diary products (milk, cheese, yogurt)
Potassium is found in bananas
Sodium & Chlorine are found in table salt
Iron is found in spinach, beans, soy products, many more products have small amounts of iron
There are many many more minerals!

12. Now… Back to Vitamin
Vitamin C is a water-soluble compound that is essential for life.
It is involved in many processes in the human body, including: the production of collagen in the connective tissue
the synthesis of neurotransmitters (feel good hormones)
synthesis of carnitine, which is important in the transfer of energy

13. So.. Why Are We Talking About Vitamin C Again?
You are going to do a super cool activity with Vitamin C!!
We are going to extract Vitamin C from orange juice! 

14. The Experiment Today we are going to do something called a titration
We are going to add a measured amount of solution to different types of juices
When the reaction between them is complete, we will see a colour change
We can then tell how much vitamin C is in each juice!

15. Titration Titrations require a specific set up
Look up front and you will see how to put together your apparatus
Be very very careful with the glass burets

16. Titration
Bring your 250ml beaker to the front and we will give you Vitamin C indicator solution
Once you have your solution, pour it into the buret using your funnel
Write down the initial amount of solution you have (the burets have numbers like a ruler on them)

17. Titration
Next, come get 5ml of the first juice to test (use your graduated cylinder)
Pour this carefully into your 100ml beaker
Come back and get 5ml of oxalic acid solution
Pour this into your 100ml beaker also
This solution stabilizes the vitamin C in the juice

18. Titration Place spare beaker under the buret
It is important that you open the stopper very slowly so that the liquid comes out one drop at a time
If you need help just ask! 

19. Titration
Very carefully change beakers so that your juice beaker is under the buret
Allow the buret to open and start dropping the indicator into the juice
You should be looking for a colour change from pink to blue
If the colour disappears, swirl the beaker
Continue to swirl until the blue colour no longer goes away

20. Titration Write down the final amount on the buret
When you are done with one juice, come get the next juice to test & repeat the steps!

21. Results Which juice used the most indicator?
Which juice used the least indicator?
What do you think this means?
Do the juices have similar amounts of vitamin C in them?