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Chapter 2 Vocabulary Words
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Acceleration
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The rate at which velocity is changing in magnitude, direction or both
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Average Speed
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Path distance divided by time interval
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Elapsed Time
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Time that passed since the beginning of an event
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Free Fall
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Motion under the influence of the gravitational force
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Instantaneous Speed
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Speed at any instant of time
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Rate
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How much something changes per unit of time
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Relative
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Regarded in relation to something else
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Speed
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How fast something is moving, distance moved over time
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Velocity
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Speed together with the direction of motion
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Chapter 3
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Component
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One of the vectors, often mutually perpendicular, whose sum is a resultant vector.
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Projectile
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An object that moves through the air or space acted on only by gravity.
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Resolution
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The process of determining the components of a vector.
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Resultant
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The vector sum of two or more component vectors.
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Satellite
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An object that falls around Earth or some other body rather than into it.
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Scalar Quantity
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A scaled amount only.
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Vector
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An arrow whose length represents the magnitude of a quantity and whose direction represents the direction of the quantity.
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Vector Quantity
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Includes a magnitude and direction.
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Key Terms: Chapter 4
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Equilibrium
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In general, a state of balance
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Force
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Any push or pull
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Friction
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The force that resists relative motion of objects or materials that are in contact
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Inertia
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The reluctance of any body to change its state of motion
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Kilogram
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SI unit of motion
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Law of Inertia
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Every body continues in its state of rest or motion in a straight line at a constant speed unless compelled to chage that state by a net force exerted upon it
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Mass
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The amount of matter in an object
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Net Force
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The combination of all of the forces that act on an object
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Newton
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SI unit of force
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Newton’s first law
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The law of inertia
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Normal Force
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For an object resting on a horizontal surface the upward force that balances the weight of the object
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Support force
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Force that completely balances the weight of an object at rest
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Weight
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The force on a body due to the gravitational attraction of another body
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Newton’s second law of motion- force and acceleration
Chapter 5
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Air resistance Friction, or drag, that acts on something moving through the air.
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Fluid Anything that flows, in particular, any liquid or gas.
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Free-body diagram A diagram showing all the forces acting on an object.
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Inversely When two values change in opposite directions, so that if one is doubled the other is reduced to one half, they are said to be inversely proportional to each other.
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Newton’s second law The acceleration produced by a net force on a body is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, is in the same direction as the net force, and is inversely proportional to the mass of the body.
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Pascal The SI unit of pressure. One Pascal of pressure exerts a normal force of one Newton per square meter.
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Pressure Force per surface area where the force is normal to the surface; measured in Pascals.
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Terminal Velocity Terminal speed together with the direction (down for falling objects).
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Terminal speed The speed at which the acceleration of a falling object is zero because friction balances the weight.
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Key Terms Chapter Six
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One of the pair of forces described in Newton’s Third Law
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Action Force
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A mutual action between objects where each object exerts an equal but opposite force on the other
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Interaction
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Whenever one body exerts a force on another body the second body exerts an equal and opposite force on the first
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Newton’s Third Law
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The force that is equal in strength and opposite in direction to the action force, which acts simultaneously on whatever is exerting the action force
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Reaction Force
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Chapter 7 Vocabulary Momentum
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Electric charge that remains unchanged during interactions
Conserved
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Colliding objects rebound without lasting deformation or heat generation
Elastic Collision
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Product of force and time interval during which force acts
Impulse
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Colliding objects become distorted and\or generate heat during the collision
Inelastic Collision
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Law of Conservation of Momentum
Absence of a net external force, the momentum of an object or system of objects is unchanged Law of Conservation of Momentum
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Momentum (Linear Momentum)
Product of mass and the velocity of an object -Has Magnitude and direction Momentum (Linear Momentum)
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Chapter 8 Vocabulary Energy
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Useful work output divided by the total work input
Efficiency
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Enables an object to do something
Energy
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Pivot point Fulcrum
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SI unit of work Joule
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Energy of motion equal to half the mass, multiplied by the speed squared
Kinetic energy
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Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy can’t be created or destroyed Law of Conservation of Energy
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Machine made of bar that turns about a fixed point
Lever
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Device used to multiple forces or simply to change direction of forces
Machine
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Ratio of output force to the input
Mechanical advantage
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Energy due to position or movement of something
Mechanical energy
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Stored and held in readiness
Potential Energy
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Rate at which work is done or energy is transformed, equal to the work done or energy transformed divided by time -Measured in Watts Power
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Kind of lever used to change direction of a force
Pulley
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SI unit of power Watt
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The product of a force of an object and the distance through which the object is moved
Work
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States that whenever work is done, energy changes
Work-Energy Theorem
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Shawna Foyle, Brittany Pyeritz, Mark Shandrick
Chapter 9 Shawna Foyle, Brittany Pyeritz, Mark Shandrick
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AXiS
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The straight line around which an object may rotate or revolve.
A horizontal or vertical reference line in a graph
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CENTRiFUGAL FORCE
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The outward force on a rotating or revolving body
- Fictitious (made up)
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CENTRiPETAL FORCE
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The center directed force that causes
an object to move in a curved path
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Linear Speed
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The path of distance moved per unit of time
- Aka speed
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Revolution
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Motion of an object turning around an axis outside the object
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Rotation
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The spinning motion that takes place
when an object rotates about an axis - Located within the object
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Rotational Speed
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The number of rotations or revolutions per unit of time
- Measured in revolutions per minute - RPM
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Tangential Speed
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The speed of an object moving around a circular path
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CHAPTER 10
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Center of Gravity
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Point at the center of an objects weight distribution where the force of gravity can be considered to act
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Center of Mass
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Point at the center of an objects mass distribution where all its mass can be considered to be concentrated
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Neutral Equilibrium
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The state of an object balanced so any small movement neither raises nor lowers its center of gravity
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Stable Equilibrium
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The state of an object balanced so that any small displacement or rotation raises the center of gravity
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Unstable Equilibrium
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The state of an object balance so any small displacement or rotation lowers center of gravity
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By Steve Schott Nick Pesanka & Jake Pulsifer
VOCAB for CHpt. !!-!2
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Ch. 11 Angular momentum
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The production of rotational inertia and rotational velocity.
Ch. 11 The production of rotational inertia and rotational velocity.
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LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM
Ch. 11 LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM
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Ch. 11 If no unbalanced external torque acts on a rotating system the angular momentum of that system is constant.
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Ch. 11 LEVER ARM
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Ch. 11 The perpendicular distance between an axis and the line of action of a force that tends to produce rotation about the axis.
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Ch. 11 Linear momentum
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Product of the mass and the velocity of an object, a.k.a. momentum
Ch. 11 Product of the mass and the velocity of an object, a.k.a. momentum
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Ch. 11 Rotational inertia
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Ch.11 The reluctance of an object to change its state of rotation, determined by the distribution of the mass of the object in the location of the axis of rotation or revolution.
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Ch. 11 Rotational Velocity
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Ch. 11 Rotational speed together with a direction for the axis of rotation or revolution.
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Ch. 11 The rotational analog of force is _______. Hint: Tends to produce rotational acceleration.
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Ch. 11 Torque DUH.
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