1. Emerging Campylobacter spp.: The tip of the iceberg
Albert J. Lastovica, Ph.D. 
Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 
Volume 28, Issue 7, Pages (April 2006)
DOI: /j.clinmicnews
Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
(A) A C. upsaliensis isolate showing a 4-cm inhibitory zone for nalidixic acid (30-μg disk) on the left and a 5-cm inhibitory zone for cephalothin (30-μg disk) on the right. (B) Clinical isolates of C. concisus and C. jejuni subsp. jejuni grown on tryptose blood agar under microaerophilic conditions (right) and H2-enriched microaerophilic conditions (left). (C) Variation of colony morphology for clinical isolates of C. jejuni subsp. jejuni (Cjj), C. concisus (C con) and C. hyointestinalis (C hyo). (D) Stool filtration onto antibiotic-free tryptose blood agar: stool application (left) and the isolation plate (right) after 48 h of incubation at 37°C in an H2-enriched microaerophilic atmosphere.
Clinical Microbiology Newsletter  , 49-56DOI: ( /j.clinmicnews )
Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Biochemical flowchart for the identification of Campylobacter, Helicobacter, and Arcobacter species from clinical material. This procedure is used after the presumptive isolate is determined to be gram negative and negative for the L-ALA test, and also if the isolate can grow under aerobic conditions or if it has an essential requirement for a microaerophilic or an H2-enriched microaerophilic atmosphere. The biochemical tests outlined are standard diagnostic tests for Campylobacter spp. Useful additional tests are nitrate reductase, catalase, lead acetate, and pyrazinamidase. Nalidixic acid (30 μg disk) and cephalothin (30-μg disk) have limited diagnostic use, as an increasing number of Campylobacter strains are resistant or intermediate for these antibiotics. The complete biochemical profiles of C. jejuni subsp. jejuni, emerging Campylobacter spp., Arcobacter spp., and Helicobacter spp. are detailed in reference 1.
Clinical Microbiology Newsletter  , 49-56DOI: ( /j.clinmicnews )
Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Diarrheal characteristics of Campylobacter infections. CC, Campylobacter concisus; CJJ, C. jejuni subsp. jejuni; CJD, C. jejuni subsp. doylei; CU, C. upsaliensis; HF, Helicobacter fennelliae.
Clinical Microbiology Newsletter  , 49-56DOI: ( /j.clinmicnews )
Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Comparative prevalences of Campylobacter spp. isolated from pediatric blood and stool cultures at the Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. C jj, Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni; C jd, C. jejuni subsp. doylei; C up, C. upsaliensis; H. cin, Helicobacter cinaedi; H fen, H. fennelliae; C c, C. concisus; C co, C. coli; Other, various other Campylobacter spp.
Clinical Microbiology Newsletter  , 49-56DOI: ( /j.clinmicnews )
Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 4
Replica of actual report configuration of a major LIS vendor in a hospital.
Clinical Microbiology Newsletter  , 49-56DOI: ( /j.clinmicnews )
Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions