1. Locating Places on a Map

2. Cardinal Points
The four main directions of a compass are known as cardinal points.  They are north (N), east (E), south (S) and west (W). 

3. Intercardinal (Ordinal) Points
Sometimes, the intercardinal (ordinal) points of:
north-east (NE),
north-west (NW),
south-east (SE) and
south-west (SW)
are shown on the compass.

4. Compass Bearings
This compass shows degree measurements from 0° to 360° in 10° intervals with:
north representing 0° or 360°
east representing 90°
south representing 180°
west representing 270°

5. Bearing
The true bearing to a point is the angle measured in degrees in a clockwise direction from the north line.  We will refer to the true bearing simply as the bearing.

6. Bearing Example
For example, the bearing of point P is 065º which is the number of degrees in the angle measured in a clockwise direction from the north line to the line joining the centre of the compass at O with the point P (i.e. OP).

7. Compass Points Half way between North and WestNW NE
Half way between North and East SW
Half way between South and West SE
Half way between South and East .

8. Bearings 1. Measured from North. 2. In a clockwise direction.
3. Written as 3 figures. N S E W
315o
145o
230o
315o
230o
145o

9. A 360o protractor is used to measure bearings.
Use your protractor to measure the bearing of each point from the centre of the circle (Worksheet 1)
A 360o protractor is used to measure bearings.
Bearings N S E W
090o
360/000o
270o
180o
350o
020o NW
315o NE
045o
290o
080o
250o SW
225o
210o
160o
110o SE
135o

10. Air Traffic ControllerW E N S
Air Traffic Controller
Control Tower
030o
330o
Estimate the bearing of each aircraft from the centre of the radar screen.
315o
045o
290o
075o
250o
225o
200o
170o
135o
110o
19-Sep-18

11. Air Traffic ControllerW E N S
Air Traffic Controller
Control Tower
010o 1 2 12 10 9 8 4 11 7 6 5 3
325o
Estimate the bearing of each aircraft from the centre of the radar screen.
ACE
Controller
contest
040o
310o
060o
280o
250o
235o
195o
120o
155o
Worksheet 2
19-Sep-18

12. Bearings P Q Measuring the bearing of one point from another.
To Find the bearing of Q from P. N
118o
1. Draw a straight line between both points.
2. Draw a North line at P.
3. Measure angle between.

13. Bearings P Q Measuring the bearing of one point from another.
To Find the bearing of P from Q. N
298o
1. Draw a straight line between both points.
2. Draw a North line at Q.
3. Measure angle between.

14. Bearings: Fixing Position
Trainee pilots have to to learn to be cope when the unexpected happens. If their navigation equipment fails they can quickly find their position by calling controllers at two different airfields for a bearing. The two bearings will tell the pilot where he is. The initial call on the controllers radio frequency will trigger a line on the radar screen showing the bearing of the calling aircraft.
Airfield (A)
283.2 MHZ UHF
Airfield (B)
306.7 MHZ UHF
170o
255o
Thankyou

15. Bearings N S E W
090o
000/360o
270o
180o

16. Grid Systems
The most common way to locate a place on a map is to use a grid system.
A grid system allows the location of a point on a map (or on the surface of the earth) to be described in a way that is meaningful and universally understood.

17. Simple Grid System
A simple grid is shown with the location of a point of interest that we want to describe
In order for a point designation on a grid to be meaningful, there must be an origin to the grid which can be used to reference the point to.

18. Alphanumeric Grid
An alphanumeric grid uses letters and numerals to identify squares on a grid pattern.

19. Map Grid (Military Grid)
A method to locate points on a map
With this method, a system of numbered lines is superimposed on a map and position is stated by quoting the numbers of the lines that intersect at the point in question.

20. Using the Military Grid
For instance, let's utilize the military grid to determine which grid square the church is located in.

21. Identifying Grid Squares - Easting
First, go to the Western edge of the grid square that the object is in first. Then from that western edge, go up or down until you come to a number. In this case, going up or down yields the number 91. These are the first two digits for the square that the church is in.

22. Identifying Grid Squares - Northing
Secondly, go to the Southern edge of the grid square that the object is in. From that southern edge, go across until you come to a number. In this case, the number is 94. This represents the third and fourth digits for the square that the church is in.
Hence, the church is in grid square 9194

23. Six Digit Military Grid Method
With this method, you start out exactly the same way as the four digit method. Then ask yourself, how far over from that western edge is the church? To determine this, picture the grid square as if it was divided into ten equal vertical sections.
The church is 6 sections over from the Western edge of the grid square. Therefore, the first three digits are 916.

24. Fourth and Fifth Digits
Now, to obtain the fifth and sixth digits, do the same as you did for the four digit method and ask yourself, how far up from the southern edge is the church? To determine this, picture the grid square as if it was divided into ten equal horizontal sections.

25. Six-digit Grid Reference
The church is 5 sections up from the Southern edge. Therefore, the last three digits are 945.
In summary, the church is located at

26. Questions
Page 30, #1-10
Page 33, Hamilton-Burlington Topographic Map Study, #1, 2.