1. THE STRUGGLE TO PRESERVE THE UNION
THE CIVIL WAR
THE STRUGGLE TO PRESERVE THE UNION

2. Southern States Secede from the Union
December, 1860, SC unanimously voted to secede.
Six other states followed (MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX).
4 others seceded in April 1861, after Fort Sumter (VA, AR, NC,TN).            
Confederate States of America formed in Montgomery, AL.         -- Jefferson Davis: 1st president

3. Battle of Fort Sumter (April 12-13, 1861)
Fort Sumter—Charleston, SC
Running low on supplies, surrounded by SC forces.
No surrender, SC opens fire.
Lincoln puts out call for 75,000 volunteers.

4. ‘Civil War Begins’ Assignment
Part I: Strengths & Weaknesses of Each Side.
Part II: Lincoln’s Message to Congress.
Part III: Davis’ Message to Confederate Congress.
File can be found on my website: apusmrkamler.weebly.com

5. Attempts to Avoid War
Cooperationists: those who advocated secession based on slave state consensus.
Crittenden Compromise: extend MO Compromise line to Pacific; protect slavery where it exists.
Fails in Congress due to lack of Republican support.

7. THE BORDER STATES

8. The Union and Confederacy in 1861

9. Northern Strategy Initial Plan: Strategy after 1861: Offensive War
Take VA – Move on Richmond
Felt it had overwhelming advantages
Quick and easy victory
Strategy after 1861: Offensive War
Blockade Southern ports- Anaconda Plan
Control of Mississippi (New Orleans)
Total War/Attrition

10. Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas) July, 1861
Northern defeat signals long, bloody war ahead.

11. Picnickers at Bull Run
Many politicians and socialites had come to see the “last great battle” of the Civil War. At the end of the day, they ran for their lives.

12. Overview of Civil War Strategy:
“Anaconda” Plan

13. The Army of the Union Volunteers initially
1863 – First ever Conscription Act
200,000 deserters
African-American Soldiers (By 1863)
180,000 serve in Union Army – 10% of total

14. Confederate Strategy: ‘Defensive War’
Border States – MO, KY, MD, DE
Win or stalemate.
Talented commanders, “the cause”, geography, etc.
The Key = Foreign Assistance:
“King Cotton Diplomacy”
Britain & France initially interested.

15. The Confederate Armies
The Confederacy:
Volunteers initially
State quotas
1862 – conscription of men ages 17-50
Many poor whites refused to fight
Mounting desertions

16. The First Battle of the Ironclads, March 9, 1862
USS Monitor vs. CSS Virginia

17. War in the East:

18. Battle of Antietam (Sept. 17, 1862)
Lee invades North for first time.
McClellan & Army of the Potomac pursue.
Bloody stalemate, Lee retreats.
Bloodiest single day in American history:
23,000 total casualties

19. “The Dead of Antietam” by Gardner/Brady

20. 10 Days That Unexpectedly Changed America: Antietam
Complete the worksheet questions, we will discuss when the video finishes.

21. The Emancipation Proclamation (January 1, 1863)
The Moral Crusade:
“Higher Purpose”
Slaves only freed in states still in active rebellion.
Allows for recruitment of black soldiers.
Reactions:
North: most opposed war for “slavery”
South: losing the war means abolition

22. Emancipation in 1863

23. African-Americans in Civil War Battles

24. The Road to Gettysburg:
July 1863

25. Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863)
Largest battle ever fought on American soil.
Lee’s second invasion, goes on the offense
3-day battle is bloodiest of war.
Lee’s defeat is the turning point in the war.

26. Gettysburg Address (November 19, 1863)
Lincoln’s dedication speech at Gettysburg National Cemetery
Re-dedicates war effort:
Abolition of slavery.
Memory of those who have died.
Restore the founding principles.