1. SWITCHING & ROUTING

2. Course Content Cisco IOS and SDM (Security Device Manager) 3
Chapter
Contents
Theory
LAB
Overview 1
Cisco IOS and SDM (Security Device Manager) 3 2
Virtual LAN 6
Layer 2 Switching and Spanning Tree Protocol 4
Distance Vector Routing Protocol 5
Enhanced IGRP and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
IP Adress & IP Security 7
Lab 30
TOTAL

3. Content Understanding the Host-to-Host Communications Model
Exploring the Packet Delivery Process
Understanding the TCP/IP Internet Layer
Understanding the TCP/IP Transport Layer
Understanding WAN Technologies

4. Building a Simple Network
Understanding the Host-to-Host Communications Model
Building a Simple Network

5. Network OSI Model? Reduces complexity Standardizes interfaces
Facilitates modular engineering
Ensures interoperable technology
Accelerates evolution
Simplifies teaching and learning
Lesson Aim
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6. Sending information through OSI

7. Data Encapsulation
Lesson Aim
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8. Data De-Encapsulation
Lesson Aim
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9. Peer-to-Peer Communication
Lesson Aim
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10. TCP/IP Stack Defines four layers
Uses different names for Layers 1 through 3
Combines Layers 5 through 7 into single application layer
Lesson Aim
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11. TCP/IP Stack vs. the OSI Model

12. TCP/IP – OSI Models

13. TCP/IP – OSI Models

14. Manage data units Application, Presentation, Sessions layers
Transports Layer
Segment
Network Layer
Packet
Data Links Layer
Frame
Physical Layer
Bit

15. Manage devices in OSI model
Layers
Devices
Application, Presentation, Sessions layers
Transports Layer
Network Layer
Router, Switch layer 3.
Data Links Layer
Bridges, Intelligent hubs, Switch layer 2
Physical Layer
Network Interface Card – NIC, Adapter, Concentrator, Hub, Repeater, connector, MODEM (MOdulation-DEModulation), …

16. Building a Simple Network
Exploring the Packet Delivery Process
Building a Simple Network

17. Layer 1 Devices Layer 1 provides the physical media and its encoding.
Lesson Aim
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Layer 1 provides the physical media and its encoding.
Examples:
Ethernet
Serial
Repeater
Physical interface of the NIC

18. Layer 2 Devices
Layer 2 devices provide an interface with the physical media.
Examples:
NIC
Bridge
Switch
Lesson Aim
<Enter lesson aim here.>

19. Frame Ethernet 802.3 Header Trailer Control information
Preamble
SFD Start of Frame Delimiter
Destination Address
Source Address
Length
Data
Pad
Frame Check Sequence (Error Checking Information)
Header
Trailer
Control information
Hình 2.5 Một khuôn dữ liệu Ethernet điển hình

20. Các thành phần của frame Ethernet 802.3
Preamble (Phần mở đầu) – Đánh dấu bắt đầu của toàn bộ frame, là tín hiệu thông báo tới mạng rằng dữ liệu đang truyền.
Start of Frame Delimiter (SFD) – Chứa thônng tin khởi đầu của việc định địa chỉ frame.
Destination Address – Chứa địa chỉ của nút đích.
Source Address – Chứa địa chỉ của nút nguồn.
Length (LEN) – Chứa chiều dài của gói.
Data – Chứa dữ liệu được truyền từ nút nguồn.
Pad – Được sử dụng để tăng kích thước của frame tới kích thước yêu cầu nhỏ nhất là 46 byte.
Frame Check Sequence (FCS) – Cung cấp một giải thuật để xác định xem dữ liệu nhận được có chính xác hay không. Giải thuật được sử dụng thông thường nhất là Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).

21. Layer 3 Addressing Each NOS has its own Layer 3 address format.
Lesson Aim
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Each NOS has its own Layer 3 address format.
OSI uses NSAP.
TCP/IP uses IP.

22. Building a Simple Network
Understanding the TCP/IP Internet Layer
Building a Simple Network

23. Internet Protocol Characteristics
Operates at network layer of OSI
Connectionless protocol
Packets treated independently
Hierarchical addressing
Best-effort delivery
No data-recovery features

24. IP Header
Lesson Aim
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25. IP Address Format: Dotted Decimal Notation
Lesson Aim
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The binary-to-decimal and decimal-to-binary conversion will be detailed later in this course.

26. IP Address Classes: The First Octet
Lesson Aim
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27. IP Address Ranges
*127 ( ) is a Class A address reserved for loopback testing and cannot be assigned to a network.

28. Public IP Addresses

30. Private IP Addresses Class Private Address Range Ato B to C to

31. Building a Simple Network (UDP & TCP)
Understanding the TCP/IP Transport Layer
Building a Simple Network (UDP & TCP)

32. UDP Characteristics
Operates at transport layer of OSI and TCP/IP models
Provides applications with access to the network layer without the overhead of reliability mechanisms
Is a connectionless protocol
Provides limited error checking
Provides best-effort delivery
Has no data-recovery features

33. UDP Header
Lesson Aim
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34. TCP Characteristics Transport layer of the TCP/IP stack
Access to the network layer for applications
Connection-oriented protocol
Full-duplex mode operation
Error checking
Sequencing of data packets
Acknowledgement of receipt
Data-recovery features

35. TCP Header
Lesson Aim
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36. TCP/IP Application Layer Overview
File transfer
FTP
TFTP
Network File System
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Remote login
Telnet
rlogin
Network management
Simple Network Management Protocol
Name management
Domain Name System
Purpose: This figure discusses application-layer protocols.
Emphasize: The common network applications today include file transfer, remote login, network management, and .
We focus on TCP/IP in this course for several reasons:
TCP/IP is a universally available protocol and you will use it at work.
TCP/IP is a useful reference for understanding other protocols, because it includes elements that are representative of other protocols.
TCP/IP is important because the router uses it as a configuration tool. The router uses Telnet for remote configuration, TFTP to transfer configuration files and operating system images, and SNMP for network management.
Transition: The next section moves down the model to discuss the transport layer.

37. Mapping Layer 3 to Layer 4
Lesson Aim
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38. Mapping Layer 4 to Applications
Lesson Aim
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39. Building a Simple Network
Understanding the Establishing a Connection
Building a Simple Network

40. Establishing a Connection
Lesson Aim
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41. Three-Way Handshake
Lesson Aim
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CTL = Which control bits in the TCP header are set to 1

42. Flow Control
Lesson Aim
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43. TCP Acknowledgment
Lesson Aim
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44. Fixed Windowing
Lesson Aim
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45. TCP Sliding Windowing
Lesson Aim
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46. TCP Sequence and Acknowledgment Numbers
Lesson Aim
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47. Understanding WAN Technologies
WAN Connections

48. Wide-Area Network

49. Need for WANs

50. WANs vs. LANs

51. WAN Access and the OSI Reference Model

52. WAN Devices Routers Terminal servers Modems DSU/CSU
WAN networking devices
ATM switches
Frame Relay switches
PSTN
HDLC

53. Physical Layer: WANs

54. Serial Point-to-Point Connections
Purpose: This section describes the various serial standards that support leased-line connections.
Emphasize: The same 60-pin end that attaches to a Cisco device supports all the standards illustrated.
Note: Data switching equipment (DSE) is an additional term sometimes used to describe the switch components that appear inside the cloud. The DSE adds and removes channels assigned inside the WAN. The DSE connects traffic from various sources to their final destinations through other switches.
Transition: The next layer in the stack is Layer 2, the data link layer.

55. WAN—Multiple LANs

56. WAN Data-Link Protocols
HDLC
PPP
Frame Relay (LAPF)
ATM

57. WAN Link Options