1. Matter

2. Matter is anything that Has mass Takes up space (has volume)
What is Matter?
Matter is anything that
Has mass
Takes up space (has volume)

3. Classifying Matter Four basic categories of matter
Pure substances (made of one type of atom/molecule)
Element
Compound
Mixtures (2+ materials physically combined)
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous

4. Element The simplest form of matter All one kind of atom
Found on the Periodic Table
Examples: oxygen, carbon, phosphorus

5. Compound Two or more elements chemically bonded together
Have completely different properties than the original elements
Can only be broken down by chemical means
Example: water (H2O)

6. Mixtures
Mixtures are made of two or more substances physically combined.
Can be either
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
Every part of a mixture keeps its own properties (does not form a new substance).
Every mixture can be separated physically!

7. Heterogeneous Mixtures
The mixture is not uniform (the same) in composition.
You can easily pick out the different pieces.
Examples: chocolate chip cookie, gravel, tossed salad, trail mix, air

8. Homogeneous Mixture Same composition throughout the mixture
It looks like one substance even though it is actually two or more!
Examples: kool-aid, salt water, brass

9. Solutions, Colloids, Suspensions
Homogeneous mixtures
Solution (dissolved/transparent particles)
Heterogeneous mixtures
Colloid (looks cloudy; particles will not settle to bottom of mixture)
Suspension (larger particles; will settle to bottom)

10. Separating Mixtures

11. Separating Mixtures
Since all mixtures are physically put together, they can be physically separated.
Methods include:
Using magnets
Filtration
Chromatography
Distillation

12. Magnets
If one part of your mixture is magnetic, you can use magnets to separate it.
Example: magnets are used in landfills to separate out magnetic objects for recycling.

13. Filtration Separates particles by size Water filters
Air filters/face masks
Colanders

14. Chromatography
Components of dyes such as ink may be separated by paper chromatography.
Ink particles flow through the filter paper at different speeds so the different pigments separate.

15. Distillation
Distillation separates mixtures based on different boiling points.
Example: water is distilled to remove impurities

16. States of Matter

17. States of Matter Solid- definite shape and definite volume Liquid
Takes the shape of its container
Gas- no definite shape or volume
Plasma- like a supercharged gas

18. Kinetic Theory of Matter
All matter is made of atoms
Atoms are constantly in motion
As heat increases, so does energy  particles move faster
Gas
Liquid
Solid
Temperature
Energy

19. Three Main Phases

20. Amorphous Solids Have characteristics of solids and liquids
Ex: peanut butter, cellophane, rubber
Do not have a defined melting point but are softened as temperature increases
Their atomic structures are less rigid and organized in structure than typical crystalline solids

21. Non-Newtonian Fluids
Fluids that change their viscosity (thickness) under stress.
Applying force to these fluids causes them to either become thicker or runnier. When the stress is removed, they will return to their earlier state.