1. Open up your laptops, go to MrHyatt.rocks, and do today’s bell work
We have A LOT to do today. Please get started!
Scale
Scale Description 4
Through independent work beyond what was taught in class, students could (examples include, but are not limited to):
research current and past earth and sun conditions.
investigate causes and possible solutions for global climate change.
compare and contrast the patterns in the organization and distribution of matter in the sun, earth, moon system.
compare and contrast different solar events and their impact on earth. 3
understand how the motions of the sun, stars and planets as observed from Earth relate to the motions of the Earth and other planets in space.
understand how the movement and position of Earth influences life on Earth.
be able to differentiate between astronomy and astrology. 2
determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other astronomy specific words and phrases relating to the Earth, Sun and Moon
illustrate the patterns of distribution of matter in the sun, earth, moon system.
list the physical properties of the Earth, Sun and Moon.
describe the key parts of the Earth, Sun and Moon System 1
show the patterns of distribution of matter in the sun, earth, moon system.
select from a list the physical properties of the sun, earth and moon.
list the key parts of the structure of earth, sun and moon.

2. Discoveries about the Moon: The Highlands

3. farside of the Moon
This is a view of the farside of the Moon. The dark maria on the left are barely visible from Earth. All the terrain to the right is on the far side and was completely unexplored until the space age. The highlands are lighter in color than the maria, higher by a few kilometers on average, and intensely cratered. (AS16-M-3021)

4. Far Side of the Moon

5. This diagram depicts the magma ocean concept
This diagram depicts the magma ocean concept. When the Moon formed it was enveloped by a layer of molten rock (magma) hundreds of kilometers thick. As a magma crystallized, the minerals more dense than the magma sank while those less dense (such as feldspar) floated, forming the anorthosite crust. The dense minerals (olivine and pyroxene) later remelted to produce the basalts that compose the maria. (Graphics by Brooks Bays, University of Hawaii.)

6. composed almost entirely of one mineral
anorthosite
Anorthosites
composed almost entirely of one mineral
This is a sample of returned by the Apollo 15 mission. Anorthosites are composed almost entirely of one mineral, plagioclase feldspar. One way a single-mineral rock forms is by accumulation by either floating or sinking in a magma. Because anorthosite seems to be an abundant and widespread rock type in the lunar highlands, scientists believe that the Moon was surrounded completely by a huge ocean of magma soon after it formed. (S )

7. The Orientale Basin on the western limb of the Moon was formed by a large impact. About half of this eye-catching structure is visible from the Earth. Note the concentric rings; most scientists believe that the third one is the actual crater rim. The diameter of the third ring is 930 kilometers. There are about 40 such structures on the Moon (all larger than 400 kilometers across), and they may all have formed in a relatively narrow interval between 3.85 and 4.0 billion years ago. (Lunar Obiter IV-187-M)

8. breccias
With so many craters of all sizes in the lunar highlands, it is no wonder that the rocks have been modified by meteorite impact. This sample was collected in the highlands by the Apollo 16 mission. It is a collection of rock and mineral fragments all mixed together. Geologists call such rocks “breccias.” Many of the rock fragments are themselves breccias, some, such as the dark fragments, were even melted by an impact. (S )

9. Discoveries about the Moon: The Maria

10. lava flows
This picture taken during the Apollo 15 mission shows lava flows in Mare Imbrium. The prominent lava flows that extend from lower left to upper right in this slide are among the youngest on the Moon, a mere 2.5 billion years old! These flows are several hundred kilometers long.
(AS15-M-1556)

11. Dome
Rille
Rille
Although eruption of most mare basalts did not produce volcanic mountains, there are small volcanic domes in a few places. This shows the Marius Hills, a collection of relatively low domes. Rilles (sinuous lava channels) are also visible, one of which cuts across a mare ridge.
(Lunar Orbiter V-214-M)

12. For comparison with Hadley Rille, we see here a lava channel about 4 meters across on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii in When it was active, Hadley Rille probably resembled this channel, although it was much larger. The lava cools on top, forming a darker skin. Note the levees on the sides, which help confine flow to the channel. The cone in the distance is Pu’u ‘O’o, the source of the lava. (Photograph courtesy of Scott Rowland, University of Hawaii.)

13. basalt
This is a basalt sample returned by the Apollo 15 mission. The brownish color is caused mostly by the presence of the mineral pyroxene. The holes are frozen gas bubbles called “vesicles”, a common feature of terrestrial volcanic rocks. (S )

14. rille
The river-like feature in this photograph is called “rille.” Apollo 15 landed near the rim of this rille (called Hadley Rille) between the two largest mountains. Hadley Rille is 1.5 kilometers wide and 300 meters deep. Rilles are channels in which lava flowed during the eruption of mare basalts. All samples collected from its rim are basalts, proving that flowing water did not form these river-like features. (AS15-M-1135)

15. Photograph at the Apollo 15 landing site, looking down into the rille
Photograph at the Apollo 15 landing site, looking down into the rille. The crew could have walked down into the rille and sampled rocks from its walls, but time and concern about their safety did not permit it. (AS )

16. pyroclastic
Fire fountaining is another form of volcanic eruption. This one took place in 1959 at Kilauea Volcano and sent lava up to 550 meters into the air. Such eruptions, called “pyroclastic” eruptions, produce loose fragments of hardened lava rather than lava flows. Fire fountaining takes place when the magma contains a high concentration of gases (usually water vapor and carbon dioxide on Earth). (Photograph courtesy of National Park Service.)

17. pyroclastic orange glass
Astronauts found a pyroclastic deposit on the Moon at the Apollo 17 landing site. The orange soil is composed of numerous droplets of orange glass that formed by fire fountaining. (AS )

18. The small drops of lava did not have time to form minerals in it before it cooled, so most of the droplets are composed of glass. The darker ones did have time to crystallize partially, and formed the mineral ilmenite, which is opaque, and so appears black in this photograph
Thin slice of some Apollo 17 orange soil. This view is 2.5 millimeters across. The small drops of lava did not have time to form minerals in it before it cooled, so most of the droplets are composed of glass. The darker ones did have time to crystallize partially, and formed the mineral ilmenite, which is opaque, and so appears black in this photograph. (Photography courtesy of Graham Ryder, Lunar and Planetary Institute.)

19. Alphonsis cinder cones
This is the crater Alphonsis on the Moon. This large impact crater is 120 kilometers across. The dark circular features on the floor of Alphonsis are cider cones produced by pyroclastic eruptions. They are lower (about 100 meters) and wider (10 to 20 kilometers) than cider cones on Earth because the Moon’s lower gravity and lack of air allow the particles to travel further. (AS16-M-2468)

20. This is what earthrise looked like from lunar orbit during the Apollo 11 mission. One of the reasons for studying the Moon is to understand more about the origin and geologic history of the Earth. The Moon provides information about how Earth formed, about its initial state, and about its bombardment history. This information has been erased from Earth by billions of years of mountain building, plate motions, volcanism, weathering, and erosion. (AS )

21. Man your battle stations
Moon Stations – you will need your laptop and science journal
One class period at each station)
A lot of them you need to cut and glue. Do this quickly! In less than 2-3 minutes.
The quicker you go, the less homework you have
Each group of desks is a different station (7 total)
Lots o’ points
Each station will take up it’s own page in your journal
If you are absent, come in before or after school
Please don’t go to the next station if you finish early!

22. 7 Moon Stations Mercury Station Venus Station Mars Station
Moon Rocks Observations
Venus Station
Moon Crash Landing
Mars Station
Apollo Landing Sites
Jupiter Station
Moon Information
Saturn Station
Moon Landforms
Uranus Station
Moon Rock Classification
Neptune Station
Meteorite Observations

23. Mercury Station: Moon Rocks Observations PAGE ONE
We brought what back now?
1.  Cut out and Glue in 2 of the charts into your science journal This will take an entire page 2.  Use the magnifying glass to study the moon rocks and moon regolith (dirt) 3.  Use your observations to fill out the first 5 rows in the chart ​4.  Use the website to look up any other information you need for the following 3 rows 5.  For the row that says "Collection Site."  Please fill in the location as well as which Apollo Mission collected the sample. (this info is on the NASA website linked on webpage)

24. Venus Station: Moon Crash Landing PAGE TWO
1.  Cut out the chart and glue into your science journal.  This will take up a half page.   2.  Read the Instructions posted to the right. 3.  Organize the item cards into two groups.  Things you would like to take and things you would leave behind. 3.  Fill out the chart with the things you would like to take and the things you would leave behind. 4. List the items that you are taking in order of most to least important. 5.  Explain why you are taking each item that you have chosen to take.

25. Mars Station: Apollo Landing Sites PAGE THREE
1.  Cut out and Glue the chart in to your science journal (this should take a half page) 2.  Fill out the chart using the linked pictures, or you can find the locations on the Lunar globe.   3.  If you need more information you can use the websites 4.  Answer the 5 questions underneath your chart.  DO NOT WRITE THE QUESTIONS.  But you must answer them in complete sentences.

26. Jupiter Station: Moon Information PAGE FOUR
1. Cut out the chart and glue it into your Science Journal 2. Read the FYI: Moon and answer the 2 questions under the Chart 3. Use the Chapter about the Moon from our textbooks to fill in the Chart with information about the Moon. The chapter is also available to the right. 4.  Read the Top 10 Scientific Discoveries about the Moon. 5.  List what you believe to be the 5 most important of those 10, and give a reason for each one underneath your 2 FYI questions.

27. Saturn Station: Moon Landforms PAGE FIVE
1.  Glue in the Identification Sheet into your science journal 2.  Look over and read the definitions of all of the different types of landforms found on the Moon 3.  Look at the pictures provided, and try to match the pictures to the correct type of landform.

28. Uranus Station: Moon Rock Classification PAGE SIX
1.  Review the characteristics used to help classify each type of lunar rock 2.  Sort (classify) each lunar rock sample by placing each lunar rock card under the associated classification 3.  Copy the characteristics of each type (from the card) into your science journal. Include hands on observations from the rocks you can hold. (You have to figure out which type of rock each of those are) 4.  Sketch 2 of each of the types of the rocks under the correct classification in your journal
5. Observe the regolith, and then compare and contrast the regolith to each of the types of rock. Where do you think the regolith comes from?

29. Neptune Station: Meteorite Observations PAGE SEVEN
1.  Cut out and glue the chart into your science journal (this should take a half page) ​2.  Choose a picture from a magazine at the table.  Describe and sketch  what it looks like viewing it with the unaided eye.   3.  View the same picture with the magnifying glass, describe and sketch what it looks like under magnification. 4.  Do that with each of the different types of meteorites included in the disk. ​5.  Answer the 4 questions in your science journal underneath your chart.