1. Jodie Toft and the Marine NatCap team
Overlap Analysis
Jodie Toft and the Marine NatCap team

2. LOTS OF USES IN MARINE ENVIRONMENTS
CMSP IS GAINING STEAM, AS IS USING AN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES FRAMEWORK TO ACCOUNT FOR OUR DIVERSE USES OF OUR COASTS AND OCEANS
Understanding where and how humans use coastal and marine environments is an essential component of marine resource planning and management. Marine and coastal ecosystems are essential places for a variety of activities including fishing (commercial, recreational, subsistence and ceremonial) and recreation (e.g. boating, kayaking, diving, whale-watching). When siting new activities and infrastructure or zoning areas for particular uses, a key step is the identification and visualization of the variety of human uses that occur in the region and the places in which they overlap (e.g., GBRMPA 2003, CDFG 2008, Beck et al. 2009, CRMC 2010). This allows for the identification of hotspots of human use and highlights regions where the compatibility of various activities should be investigated.
The InVEST Overlap Analysis model provides users with a simple framework for mapping and identifying important areas for human use in the marine environment. The model also allows users to include information about a variety of uses of the coastal and marine environment (e.g., commercial fishery logbooks or landings reports data, participation numbers for recreational activities) that can be used to weigh the relative importance of different uses and locations. The model is simple to use, quick to run, and can be applied in any region of the world where there is spatially-explicit information on human uses. The model does not value environmental services or estimate the economic value of human uses, but the outputs can be used to identify areas and different user groups that may be affected by policy change. The model produces a map of hotspots for human activities (e.g., fishing activity/fishing grounds) across as many human uses as the users chooses to include. Our “tier 0” models for mapping recreation and fisheries converged on this approach. Throughout this chapter we will give examples for both recreation and fisheries. Using the tool across various categories of human uses may make sense in some instances, but devising schemes for weights will likely be difficult. Outputs can be used to help decision-makers weigh potential conflicts between sectors of spatially-explicit management options that may involve new activities or infrastructure.
The Overlap Analysis Model complements more complicated InVEST fisheries and recreation models that are in development. The fisheries Tier 1 model is appropriate for use with single species or groups of species and is used to estimate the quantity and value of fish harvested by commercial fisheries. Additionally, a recreational submodel can be used to predict the amount of recreational fishing effort required to catch the quantity of fish output from the Tier 1 fisheries model. Fisheries Tier 2 and 3 models will include functionality to incorporate impacts of biogenic habitat on the survival and fecundity of different life-stages of target species, and the ability to wrap around outputs use from more complex food-web models (e.g., Ecopath with Ecosim and Atlantis).

3. For CMSP – trying to get to maps like these. GBR MPA zoning plan
Tough when you start with maps like these

4. But you start, if you’re lucky, with information like this.

5. Note: this is not my child.
But you start, if you’re lucky, with information like this.

6. Need identified

7. Need identified

8. Uses for Overlap Analysis
Identify marine and coastal areas that are hotspots for activity
Highlights regions where the compatibility of various activities may need to be investigated
Scenario development
Broadening the discussion from one to many sectors
Mapping current uses and summarizing the relative importance of various regions for particular activities is an important first step in marine spatial planning. The InVEST Overlap Analysis Model was designed to produce maps that can be used to identify marine and coastal areas that are most important for human use. Initial development of this model was as two separate “Tier 0” models for recreation and fisheries. However, since the underlying approach was fundamentally similar, we combined them into one model that can be used to map not only recreation and fisheries, but also other activities. Inputs include information about where human use activities occur (required), weights that reflect the relative importance of different human uses (optional) and information on spatial variability within uses (optional). Because it simply maps current uses and does not model behavior, this model is not well-suited to the evaluation of how human uses may change in response to changes in the coastal and marine environment. However, it can be used to model scenarios that reflect changes in the areas used by different activities or changes in attributes such as total landings or number of trips that are used to weight activities. This is a “Tier 0” model.

9. A Tiered Approach Tier-1 Tier-2 Tier-3 Model Complexity
Low
Model Complexity
High
Global, coarse
Local, fine
Data Availability
Tier 1 models are low complexity and work with data that’s available at a global, coarse scale. These are simple to parameterize, designed for data limited areas, easy to apply, and give a first cut estimate of ecossytem services. At the high end, are Tier 3 models, which are complex, designed for data rich areas, require substantial time to apply, and provide more reliable and refined estimates. The InVEST tool is such that the user can employ Tier 3 level models when they are avaialbe for the area – as may be the case for fisheries – but can still use Tier 1 models for services without more existing, complex models.
simple parameterization
designed for data limited areas
easy to apply
first cut estimates of ES
complex models
designed for data rich area
substantial time to apply
more reliable and refined estimates
Tallis 2009

10. A Tiered Approach Tier-0 Tier-1 Tier-2 Tier-3 Model Complexity
Low
Model Complexity
High
Global, coarse
Local, fine
Data Availability
Tier 1 models are low complexity and work with data that’s available at a global, coarse scale. These are simple to parameterize, designed for data limited areas, easy to apply, and give a first cut estimate of ecossytem services. At the high end, are Tier 3 models, which are complex, designed for data rich areas, require substantial time to apply, and provide more reliable and refined estimates. The InVEST tool is such that the user can employ Tier 3 level models when they are avaialbe for the area – as may be the case for fisheries – but can still use Tier 1 models for services without more existing, complex models.
simple parameterization
designed for data limited areas
easy to apply
first cut estimates of ES
complex models
designed for data rich area
substantial time to apply
more reliable and refined estimates
Tallis 2009

11. Data Requirements Go through the sample input datasets by using the
software and opening each of the sample datasets, discuss what each is,
where sources might be and anything critical about formatting it for InVEST.

12. Inputs Outputs Location of activities
Weights that reflect the relative importance of different activities
Hotspots of use
: process based part – just state what the model does. Simple growth model…
Outputs – reflect on where these are relevant to CK's first marine InVEST diagram - just biophysical outputs, any valuation outputs (BREAKOUT)?
Service outputs
Intermediate outputs – what to do with these in WQ and HQ work? 2 BREAKOUTS
Information on spatial variability within uses

13. Location of activities
Summarizing maps drawn by stakeholders and giving certainty to certain areas
Summarizing results of InSEAM

14. Weights that reflect the relative importance of different activities
Summarizing maps drawn by stakeholders and giving certainty to certain areas
Summarizing results of InSEAM

15. Information on spatial variability within uses
Summarizing maps drawn by stakeholders and giving certainty to certain areas
Summarizing results of InSEAM

16. Information on spatial variability within uses
Summarizing maps drawn by stakeholders and giving certainty to certain areas
Summarizing results of InSEAM

17. How it works
Summarizing maps drawn by stakeholders and giving certainty to certain areas
Summarizing results of InSEAM

18. How it works
Summarizing maps drawn by stakeholders and giving certainty to certain areas
Summarizing results of InSEAM

19. Overlap Analysis in Practice: Wave Energy and Existing Uses
K of fish to make it profitable
Growout on land for FW stages
Outplant at 50g? Grow to ? Kg
Grow months
Harvest all at once
Fish grow fastest in spring/summer

20. Identifying areas of overlap
NPV
Barkley
Sound
Clayoquot

21. Compatibility mapping
Ucluelet
Tofino

22. Hands-on session let users run the model on their own computers, using
our sample data or their own data. Answer questions that come up one‐onone,
unless a common problem is raised, in which case stop the session to
explain that issue. (30 minutes)
Validation: If applicable, open any intermediate files that should be checked
to ensure the model is working right and the data were input correctly.
Discuss what patterns you should see in each file.
Results: Open all output files, one at a time, discussing how to interpret each
one. Emphasize the difference between service and value outputs, note the
differences in patterns between them and why they exist. (7 minutes)

23. Questions? let users run the model on their own computers, using
our sample data or their own data. Answer questions that come up one‐onone,
unless a common problem is raised, in which case stop the session to
explain that issue. (30 minutes)
Validation: If applicable, open any intermediate files that should be checked
to ensure the model is working right and the data were input correctly.
Discuss what patterns you should see in each file.
Results: Open all output files, one at a time, discussing how to interpret each
one. Emphasize the difference between service and value outputs, note the
differences in patterns between them and why they exist. (7 minutes)