1. Bellringer
Explain these pictures.

2. What’s Going on over there in asia?
China
Japan

3. Interaction with westerners
Chinese look down on all foreigners
They felt like they already had all they needed
China is largely self- sufficient
Resources in China
Salt, tin, silver, iron
Silks, high-quality cotton, and porcelain

4. But Europe was determined
Opium
Habit forming narcotic made from the poppy plant
Chinese doctors had been using it to relieve pain for years
In the 18th century, however, British merchants smuggled opium into China for nonmedical use.
By 1835 as many as 12 million Chinese people were addicted to the drug.
Chinese emperor was not ok with the situation, pleas with England Queen to stop sending it to China.
Pleas go unanswered
Clash between Britain and China

5. Dear Queen Victoria…
“By what right do they [British merchants] use the poisonous drug to injure the Chinese people? I have heard that the smoking of opium is very strictly forbidden by your country; that is because the harm caused by opium is clearly understood. Since it is not permitted to do harm to your own country, then even less should you let it be passed on to the harm of other countries.”
LIN ZEXU, quoted in China’s Response to the West

7. Opium war 1839 Battles took place mostly at sea
China’s outdated ships were no match for Britain’s steam-powered gunboats.
Chinese suffer a humiliating defeat
Signed a peace treaty in that gave Britain the island of Hong Kong.

8. Foreigners were not the greatest of China’s problems
The countries own population provided an overwhelming challenge.
The number of Chinese grew to 430 million by 1850, yet in the same period of time, food production barely increased.
Many people were hungry, they became discouraged, and Opium addiction arose.
SO basically you have STARVING, DEPRESSED, DRUG ADDICTS that make up a majority of your population….

9. They’re all a bunch of rebels
Taiping Rebellion
Late 1830’s
Hong Xiuquan began recruiting followers to help him build a “Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace”
In this kingdom all would share China’s vast wealth and no one would live in poverty.
Taiping means “great peace”
Exact opposite happened. Tons of battles fought with Chinese and British. At least 20 million people died.
Boxer Rebellion
Chinese people are frustrated with their situation
Poor peasants and workers resented the special privileges granted to foreigners. Also were not happy with Chinese Christians adopting a foreign faith.
To protest they formed a secret org. called the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists aka the Boxers.
Their campaign against the Empress’s rule and foreigner privilege is known as the Boxer Rebellion

10. Modernization in Japan
17th century Japan shut itself off from almost contact with other nations. (remember absolutism)
Japanese Society very tightly ordered.
19th Century westerners tried to convince the Japanese to open their ports to trade.

11. Commodore Matthew Perry
In 1853 US Commodore Matthew Perry took 4 “intimidating” ships into Japan’s Tokyo harbor. The Japanese were impressed by the massive wooden ships powered by steam and their massive cannons.
Perry also brought a letter from the US President which politely asked to allow free trade
between the US and Japan. Intimidated
they agreed.
Exports from Japan
Tea
Silk
shipbuilding

12. Meiji Era (Enlightened Rule)
Japanese are angry that the shogun (Japanese govt) had given in to the foreigners’ demands.
New leader, Mutsuhito, who seemed to symbolize the country’s sense of pride and nationalism.
He decided the best way to counter western influence was to modernize.
Germany’s centralized government
Discipline of Germany’s army
Skill of British Navy
American system of universal public education
Industrialization

13. Imperial Japan It became the strongest military power in Asia
As Japan’s power grew it also became more imperialistic. The Japanese were determined to show the world they were a powerful nation.
Korea’s up for grabs
both China and Japan fight for it.
They decide to sign a “hands-off” agreement
China breaks agreement
Sino-Japanese war is b/n Japan and China over Korea
Japan drives China out of Korea and wins lands in Taiwan

14. Russo-Japanese War
Japan’s victory over China changed the world’s balance of power.
Russia and Japan emerged as the major powers- and enemies- in East Asia.
The two countries go to war over Manchuria. Japan said they would stay out of Manchuria if Russia stayed out of Korea. Russia refused.
Japan launched a surprise attack on Russian ships anchored off the coast of Manchuria.
The war drove Russian troops out of Korea and captured most of Russia’s Pacific fleet.

15. Treaty of Portsmouth Gave Japan the captured territories
Forced Russia to withdraw from Manchuria and stay out of Korea

16. Vocabulary for Quiz Tomorrow
Industrialization
Karl Marx
Adam Smith
Communism
Capitalism
Nationalism
Imperialism
Communist Manifesto
Wealth of Nations
Otto von Bismarck
Opium War
Boxer Rebellion
Russo-Japanese War
Urbanization
Factory Conditions