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China, Korea and the US Policy of Containment
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China - Prior to WWII Nationalists (Chiang Kai-shek) vs. Communists (Mao Zedong) Nationalists in control - attempt to “wipe out” Communists Corrupt government
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A Common Enemy Nationalists and Communists team up to fight Japanese.
In 1930’s, Japan took over Manchuria Established state of Manchukuo. Communists ally with Chinese peasants.
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Victory Because of their unification, the Chinese defeat the Japanese.
Celebration is short lived. After WWII, Nationalists and Communists begin fighting again.
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US Lends a Hand US supports Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists
They aren’t communist Give approx. $3 billion in aid Civil War in China By N. China under Communist control
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A New Leadership By 1949, the Nationalists have been defeated.
Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan. October 1, 1949: People’s Republic of China is established. Mao Zedong leader
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Reaction to End of Civil War
US refuses to recognize new Chinese government Chinese creates pact with Soviet Union
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Korea The Forgotten War
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Korea under Japanese Control
Japan ruled Korea Post WWII: Japan troops north of 38th parallel surrender to Soviets Japan troops south of 38th parallel surrender to US Korea becomes two nations
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Democratic vs. Communist
South = Democratic US slowly pulls troops out, leaves South on own North = Communist Soviets have great influence Soviets don’t think US will defend South
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Korean Conflict Soviets plan to take over full peninsula
June 25, North attacks South South appeals to United Nation Vote to help South June 27 - US sends in troops 16 nations help Korea with troops & aid 90% of troops come from US Led by Gen. Douglas MacArthur
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Korea - Not a War Congress never declared war in Korea
Truman uses executive action to send troops US not in a war, but “involved in a United Nations police action”
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Conflict - Stage 1 North has advantage North quickly moves South
North captures Seoul South pushed to small area
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Conflict - Stage 2 MacArthur counterattack
Surprise landing behind enemy lines North retreats, UN forces chase them Very close to Yalu River - border with China
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Conflict - Stage 3 China enters Don’t want Americans at their border
Need a buffer state Capture Seoul - again Stalemate ensues
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Conflict - Stage 4 MacArthur wants to attack China with atomic weapons
Truman refuses China/Soviet pact - if attack China, could start WWIII Truman fires MacArthur
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The Results Communism is contained without the use of atomic weapons
North and South Korea continue to be divided at the 38th parallel
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The End June 23, 1951 - Soviets suggest cease fire
Divide at existing battle line Establish demilitarized zone July armistice finally signed
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