2. The Changing World Totalitarian leaders Italy Germany Japan
Russia
Italy
Germany
Japan
Imperial China Collapses
India gains self-rule
Iran
Turkey

3. Imperial China Collapses
1911 Nationalist Overthrow the Qing Dynasty
Qing had ruled since 1644
Republic founded
Sun Yixian becomes President,
but turns over position
(returns later as leader of Nationalist Party)
Republic doesn’t last and
local warlords take over

4. Imperial China Collapses
China enters World War I
Declares war against Germany
May Fourth Movement:
Treaty of Versailles - Germany territories in China turned over to Japanese
Huge demonstrations throughout China
Chinese intellectuals turned to Lenin Soviet communism instead of Western democracy

5. Imperial China Collapses
Mao Zedong
Beijing University assistant librarian
organizes the Chinese Communist Party
Believed the peasants could be the true revolutionaries

6. Civil War Rages Nationalists Communists Chiang Kai-shek
Supported by the middle class
Recognized by the US and Great Britain, not Russia
Mao Zedung
Supported by peasants
Recognized by Lenin (Russia)

7. Imperial China Collapses
Nationalists Win! (this time)
A New Republic is formed
Chiang Kai-Shek becomes the new President
Civil War erupts – 1930 and lasts until 1949
The Long March –
Mao and 100,000 men flee 6,000 miles through China
Mao and the Communists gain followers

8. India Ends British Rule
After WWI
Nationalist movements
Rowlatt Acts -“emergency measures” to control the public
Amritsar Massacre
British open-fired
on a protest

9. India Ends British Rule
Mohandas (Mohatma – “great soul”) Gandhi
1920 – Congress Party endorsed Civil Disobedience
The Salt March
1935 – self-rule

10. Other Countries Turkey – post WWI – territory reduced
Mustafa Kemal - renamed Ataturk “Father of the Turks”
Fights Greeks; become 1st president of Turkey
Persia (Greek name) – Nationalist revolution - becomes Iran