1. Unit 1: Diversity of Living Things

2. Classification of Species
Species can be classified by looking at:
Morphology
Based on structural features
Biology
Based on the ability to produce fertile offspring
Phylogeny
Based on evolutionary history
Evolutionary similarities and anatomical structures

3. Naming of Organisms
Carolus Linnaeus classified organisms according to their structural similarities: this is called TAXONOMY
Each group to which Linnaeus assigned organisms is called a TAXA (singular is TAXON)

4. To understand this naming system, you need to know the RANK breakdown
The system we use is called the binomial nomenclature
To understand this naming system, you need to know the RANK breakdown

5. Ranks

6. Animalia: Heterotrophs, multicellular, no cell wall
Chordata: spinal cord & post anal tails
Mammalia: have glands, able to produce milk for young, have hair, 3 middle ear bones
Primate: larger brains sizes, have 3dimensional sight
Artiodactyla: even toed ungulates: walk on their toenails(hoofs) and bear weight on 3rd and 4th toe

7. For example, Humans and Pigs belong to the phylum chordata.
To be a part of a taxa, an organism has to have the necessary characteristics
For example, Humans and Pigs belong to the phylum chordata.
RANK TAXA
What characteristic do they have to be a chordata?
Spinal cord
Post anal tail

8. Scientific names use binomial nomenclature
They are always written in italics!!
If written by hand, then we UNDERLINE both parts of the name
The first word is the genus name
The second word is the species name
Ex. Homo sapiens  Homo sapiens

9. The taxon “species” is the smallest group and it contains only a single type of organism.
The organisms in a species are most like one another—except for sexual or growth stage differences, the individuals of a species have the same body or physiological morphology.

11. Organisms in the same species can interbreed to produce viable offspring.

12. These cannot....

13. Similar species are grouped in the same genus
Example: the bobcat and the housecat are in the genus Felis
Bobcat would rather have housecat as meal instead of mate with it

14. Genera are grouped to form families. This group’s family is Felidae

15. Families are grouped into Orders
Families are grouped into Orders. These organisms are in the order Carnivora

16. Orders are then placed in Classes
Orders are then placed in Classes. These organisms are in the class Mammalia
Mammals  hairy, produce milk

17. Classes are grouped into Phyla
Classes are grouped into Phyla. These organisms are in the phyla Chordata in the Kingdom Animalia

18. 6 Kingdoms
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

19. Classifying Kingdoms based on...
Nutrition
Heterotrophic
-consumes living or dead organisms to obtain energy
Autotrophic
-uses sun’s energy
-makes own food
# of cells
Unicellular
-one cell
Multicellular
-more than one cell
Reproduction
Asexual
-offspring produced from a single parent (genetically identical to parent
Sexual
-production of offspring from fusion of 2 sex cells (offspring differ from parents)

20. Classifying Kingdoms Habitat Cell Type -where does the organism live?
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
-circular chromosome
-no membrane bound organelles (e.g. no true nucleus)
-very small (less than 2 um)
-reproduce by binary fission
-double stranded chromosomes in nucleus
-membrane bound organelles
-larger ( um)
-reproduce by mitosis or meiosis

22. Homework:
Read pg 15
Pg 16 #5-10
What are domains?
Hint: pg 26