1. Fall of the Qing (Manchu) Dynasty 1644 -1911

2. Qing 2

3. Domestic Problems Political Inequality Internal Rebellions
Weak Leadership
Resistance to Reforms

4. Domestic Problems: 1. Political Inequality
Manchus rule - not Han Chinese (2 % of the pop. of China was Manchu)
Han Chinese discriminated against
Intermarriage between the two groups was forbidden
Manchus ruled, but Chinese were forbidden to hold high national offices
imposed “hair queue” on male population: all Han men to wear their hair braided in the back 4

5. Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864) Domestic Problems:
2. Internal Rebellions
Taiping Rebellion ( )
Peasant rebellion
Led by Hong Xiuquan
20-30 million dead

6. 1900: Boxer Rebellion Revolt against Qing Dynasty
Anger at foreign occupation and presence in China
Rebellion squashed with aid of foreign powers

7. Domestic Problems: Weak Leadership
Emperors of late 1800s controlled by others:
Tongzhi Emperor
Guangxu Emperor

8. Empress Dowager Cixi
Essentially controls dynasty from late 1800s until 1908
Known for her resistance to reforms
Corruption grows under reign
Resented by many

9. Emperor Xuantong (1906-1911) Last emperor of Qing Dynasty
Inherits throne as infant
Overthrown in 1911

10. Domestic Problems: 4. Resistance to Reforms
Clash between reformers and traditionalists
Qing China does not modernize – focuses on the greatness of the past: “the self- strengthening movement”

11. Foreign Problems
European and American Imperialism
Disastrous Wars

12. Foreign Problems: Imperialism
“Spheres of Influence”: European countries try to gain control of territory in China
China was controlled by Europeans economically
1900: “Open Door Policy” allows foreign countries easy access to Chinese reosurces
Created discord and frustration in Manchu Qing govt

13. is cooll

15. Foreign Problems: 2. Disastrous Wars Opium Wars (1840s-1860s)
1773 Britain brought Indian opium to China
1838 – Manchu Chinese ban it and size opium from British
Opium Wars humiliate China
Britain claims Hong Kong
Britain wins HUGE trading rights

18. Sino-Japanese War (1894 -95) China vs Japan Japan wins
Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895)
Japan gets Taiwan
Japan gets trading rights on Chinese mainland

19. 1911: Qing Dynasty Overthrown!
1911: rebellion inspired by ideas of Sun Yixian (Sun Yat- Sen)
Promises democracy for China
-Based on the “3 Principles of the People”