1. Communism in China
The Civil War and Mao

2. China during the early 1900s
Nation of decline
Ports controlled by foreign nations (particularly Europe)
Opium Wars
Boxer Rebellion
1911: Sun Yat-sen – provisional President

3. What Was China Even Doing?
1912 – China becomes a Republic
2 parties:
Kuomintang/ National People’s Party (Sun Yat-sen)
Communist Party (Mao Zedong)
China under the control of warlords ( )
Sun Yat-sen wanted to defeat these warlords and unite China under a democracy

4. The Start of A Civil War
When Sun died in 1925 Jiang Jie Shi took over Kuomintang
Values of the party changed! They were against Communism and Democracy
A campaign to destroy Communism was launched in 1927 (White Terror)
people killed in battles and camps
“Long March”

5. Why Did The People Like Communists?
Mao and his Communists had much support however
Peasants and ordinary people were treated fairly by them
Kuomintang seen as only serving their own interests
Communists = served the people

6. Manchuria and the Japanese
Civil war halted in 1937 with the Japanese invasion
Mao and Jiang cooperate to defeat the Japanese
But Kuomintang forced to retreat to remote region
Friendship was brief
Civil war resumes after surrender of Japan

7. Who Was The Superior Fighting Force?
Kuomintang, USA, Soviet Union
Communists
Not a whole lot of support from people
US and Soviet support
+3 million soldiers
US airlift Kuomintang soldiers to help
BUT many soldiers switched sides
Popular party, gained a lot of support from the people
Organized
“Mao’s People’s Liberation Army” = much smaller
Guerrilla tactics
Strict in rules and behaviour

8. The Communists Win
Jiang and the remaining Kuomintang take refuge in Taiwan
People’s Republic of China established
But Jiang still claimed sovereignty over China
West still recognized Kuomintang as official government until 1971
In UN, Taiwan represented China

9. FUN FACT:

10. Mao Zedong (1893 – 1976) Born to peasant family
Joined revolutionary army in Boxer Revolution
1921 – co-founded Chinese Communist Party
Mao trained his supporters in guerilla warfare
Believed in the power of the peasant
“Long March”
1949 – leads People’s Republic of China

11. Mao’s China
Mao sets out to strengthen China (economically and in its military)
Ministry of Public Security – punished, arrested “enemies of the people”
Propaganda used to control, media censored
Children’s education very biased

12. The Great Leap Forward Plan of expansion and modernize industry
Short term increases in steel output = GOOD
Long term results = not the best
Agriculture suffered as a result
Famine spread and from million died of starvation
1959 – Mao retires BUT still has a very strong influence (chairperson)

14. Cultural Revolution

15. The Cultural Revolution
Mao calls upon the youth of China
Hired students as “Red Guards”
Eliminate tradition “Four Olds”
(habits, culture, ideas and customs)
Million persecuted; a lot of damage to historical sites and art
Consolidated his revolution

16. Crash Course Video!
*starts at 3:06-7:21, 8:30-10:00
JOHN GREEN! YAY!