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Imperialism.

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Presentation on theme: "Imperialism."— Presentation transcript:

1 Imperialism

2 “Old” Imperialism Age of Exploration, 16th-18th Century
Old World: coastal trading stations New World: colonies Spain, Portugal, England, France Sugar, spices, slaves Cooperation with local rulers

3 World Territory Controlled by Europe
New imperialism 1800s-1914 Control of Africa and Asia Military force against local governments Exploit local economies for raw materials Imposing Western values and culture European migration Year World Territory Controlled by Europe 1800 7% 1914 84% England alone controlled 25%

4 Causes of Imperialism: New markets & raw materials
Industry = goods surplus Raw materials Congo: ivory and rubber South Africa: diamonds Niger: cocoa China: tea India: cotton Indonesia: spices

5 Causes of Imperialism: Missionary Work
Religious revivalism among European Middle Class More successful in Sub-Saharan Africa Dr. David Livingston

6 Causes of Imperialism: Military and Naval Bases
Competition between European Powers Refill stations

7 Causes of Imperialism: Nationalism & Social Darwinism
Survival of the Fittest White Man’s Burden

8 Types of Control Direct Rule v. Indirect Rule Colony Protectorate
Sphere of Influence Economic Imperialism

9 The Sun Never sets on the British Empire

10 Africa

11

12 Scramble for Africa 1880: Europeans controlled only 10%, on coasts
1870s: Begins exploration of Interior Better weapons, transportation, medicines Berlin Conference (1884-5): established rules for Conquest Can’t claim a territory you don’t already have control of Slavery/slave trade outlawed Sought to prevent imperial conflict Sponsored by Bismarck & Jules Ferry By 1914 most of Africa taken Exceptions: Liberia & Abyssinia (Ethiopia)

13 Portugal Lost most of their holdings in 18th century
Held onto colonies of influence Not much support at home for overseas colonies Decline of slave trade 1839: Britain can board any Portuguese ship to prevent slave trade Colonies Angola (Congo River) Mozambique (Zambezi River)

14 Spain Can’t do much b/c Britain controls Gibraltar
More worried about Latin America & Asia Pick off what’s left Colonies Spanish Morocco Spanish West Africa Spanish Guinea

15 France Goals Major French colonies
Make up for humiliating defeat in Franco-Prussian War Limit British control of Egypt Horizontal band across top of Africa Major French colonies Algeria Tunisia Morocco French West Africa French Equatorial Africa Madagascar

16 Italy Resented French domination of North Africa Colonies
Libya Eritrea Italian Somaliland Failed to take Ethiopia Defeated at Battle of Adowa Only African nation to succeed in overthrowing a European one

17 Belgium Sovereignty over Congo World looked other way from atrocities
King Leopold’s personal colony To control Rubber and Ivory trade Removed land and trade rights to natives Rubber came in high demand World looked other way from atrocities Estimated 10 million killed Eventually taken over by Belgian government

18 Germany Wanted Horizontal belt across Central Africa Colonies
Bismarck originally not interested in colonization at all A “Place in the Sun” for Germany Colonies German Southwest Africa (Namibia) German East Africa (Tanzania) Cameroon Togoland

19 Great Britain 1875 British bought shares in Suez Canal
Sold to them by Egyptian government Wanted vertical string of colonies: “Cape to Cairo” Cecil Rhodes Colonies (some) Egypt Sudan British East Africa Nigeria Rhodesia Union of South Africa

20 Effects Colony borders gave no thought to ethnic groups
Governments controlled by Europeans No institutional structures set up for natives Prejudice…like a lot of it Modern issues: genocide, dictators, corruption, famine, poverty…

21 Asia & the Pacific

22 Japan Portuguese & Dutch first: Expelled Americans show up in 1853
Gunboat politics Matthew Perry Japan industrializes and avoids colonization

23 China Trade: Europe doesn’t have anything China wants
Portuguese First: 1516 Allowed minimal trading relationships British Show up: 1794 Lord George Macartney Cultural misunderstandings British sent away Come back with Gunboats Leads to conflict/war Europeans gain Spheres of Influence

24 India Initially too difficult: too expensive & communication difficult
Dutch: first in area Java, Dutch East India Company Dutch gained land in return for local support British Take over from Dutch & French after Seven Years War British East India Company worked with Indian Rulers British Raj 1858 – Act for Better Government of India 1,200 British ruling over 350 million Indians Great Rebellion British Control Crown Jewel of British Empire

25 India

26 India: Reforms and Problems
Secondary education for Indians Economic Development Irrigation projects 25,000 miles of RR 4th largest cotton industry Tea & Jute Plantations Unified and powerful central government Over-Production of non- essential crops Famine Exhaustion of land Taxes Indian National Congress: 1885 Trained Indians to rule like British Educated Indians, mostly Hindu Eventually organizes to demand self-government

27

28 New Zealand & Australia
At first British scared of Maori 1850s British Move in Imported Agriculture Maori fight back Ineffective Use courts and win Captain James Cook Used as Penal colony Raw Materials Farming Aborigines moved inland

29 Other nations in Asia Britain France Germany Spain
Burma, Malaysia, Indonesia France Indochina (modern-day Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos) South Seas: Tahiti & New Caledonia Germany Marshall Islands & Samoa Spain 1898: lose Philippines, Guam, & Cuba to USA

30 Create a Poster Exhibit on your topic
Cause of Event Key Players What happened Effects/Significance 2+ Images Ango-Zulu Wars Boer War Fashoda Affair Opium Wars Boxer Rebellion Russo-Japanese War Sepoy Mutiny

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