1. Review Questions 1. How did the British initiate Trade in China ?
2. What rights did the British gain with Treaty of Nanjing ?
3. Why were the British able to defeat the Chinese with ease in the Opium War ?

2. #3 - AIM: What was the Boxer Rebellion (28.1)

3. Conflict continues…
Internal unrest & The 2nd Opium War called the “Arrow War” – Britain & France attack some coastal cities.
Crushed again… 10 more ports opened
Taiping Rebellion left Chinese government in a shambles
Provincial governors become independent rulers

4. How did European Trade increase in China?
Many foreign nations took advantage of China’s unrest and internal problems
Sphere of Influence: Foreign Countries controlled China’s trade & investment
B. Boxer Rebellion (1900).
“Righteous Order of Harmonious Fists” ↓
“Boxers”
Boxers attacked Chinese Christians and foreigners.
In 1900, rebellion led to 250 foreigners being killed.
Boxers attacked embassies in Beijing.
International relief force stopped rebellion.
Result = China had to pay indemnities.
indemnities – large sums of money to foreign nations.
Foreign troops in Beijing.
U.S.A. pushed the “Open Door Policy“.
China modernized the army and government.
New subjects in schools = English, political science, physical sciences.

5. Humiliation! Sino-Japanese War
Meiji Restoration
Japan adapted to Western ideas and technology as a defense against being exploited by the West
China & Japan go to war over Korea

6. WAR! Japan wins easily and gains “most-favored-nation” status
China also pays a large amount of silver to Japan
Japan gains control of Korea and Taiwan

7. How did China react?
Humiliated by loss of power - Increased Nationalism
Young Emperor (Guagnxu) takes charge – only 100 days of reform
Emperor tries to institute reforms. Reorganization of education, modernized the military & attempted government reform
BUT!

8. Reform Slows-ThreatenS old guard
Dowager Empress Cixi – (Soochee) – his adopted mother arrests
Emperor and reverses
reforms.
Takes money for her
own interests
Peasants & workers resent
special privileges granted to foreigners.

9. Boxer Rebellion [1900]
“Righteous Order of Harmonious Fists” - “Boxers”
Chinese citizens frustrated w/foreigners, the Empress and Christians…
[1900] Boxers seized Beijing (controlled by Foreigners )
Attacks foreign embassies 250 foreigners killed

10. International force halts rebellion
Result = China had to pay indemnities (large sums of money).

12. Open Door Policy
After Boxer Rebellion US concerned about so many foreign nations taking advantage of China
Open Door Policy
1. China should be open to all nations for trade
2. China’s continued independence

13. Finally Reform Foreign troops in Beijing.
China tries to modernized the army and government.
New subjects in schools = English, political science, physical sciences.
Unfortunately, Manchu Dynasty weak & humiliated.. Stay in power until 1911

14. End of Imperial China
Too late for Manchu Dynasty which is too weak and humiliated
Revolution broke out in 1911
1912 – Emperor gave up the throne

15. Early Chinese Achievements
Gun Powder
Silk – discovered 4,000 yrs. ago
Moveable type