2. What is it?? Progressive Era Time period from 1900-1915
Focus: cleaning up all the problems that developed from urbanization
Came out of: the earlier Populist Movement
Key Presidents Involved:
Teddy Roosevelt
William Taft
Woodrow Wilson

3. Social Reform
Social Reform is the cleaning up of problems within society
Key Reforms:
Child Labor
Women’s Suffrage
Temperance

4. Municipal Reform More power given to voters Amendments Passed
Initiative
Referendum
Recall
Amendments Passed
16th
17th
Voting Process
Direct Primaries
Secret Ballot

5. Presidents Roosevelt Taft Wilson Hepburn Act Elkins Act
Bull-Moose Party
Mann Act
Pure Food and Drug Act
Conservation
Meat Inspection Act
“Square Deal”
Trust Buster
Ballinger-Pinchot Affair
Payne Aldrich Tariff
16th Amendment
17th Amendment
Federal Trade Commission
Federal Reserve Act
18th Amendment
19th Amendment
Underwood Tariff
Clayton Anti-Trust

6. The Progressive Presidents- Roosevelt
Entered after the assassination of McKinley
Considered the presidency a “Bully Pulpit”
He focuses on:
Reforming big business practices
Guarding public health
Conserving the nation’s resources

7. The Progressive Presidents- Roosevelt
Big Business Reform
Trust-Bustin’ Teddy
Goes after the ones that harm the public health!
Regulation rather than busting
Sherman Anti-trust Act really not that effective- needed a strong president
Interstate Commerce Commission is strengthened
Mann Act
Elkins Act
Hepburn Act
“Square Deal”
Anthracite Coal Strike
Northern Securities v. U.S.
Came after U.S. v. E.C. Knight

8. The Progressive Presidents- Roosevelt
Guarding the public health
Upton Sinclair and The Jungle
Started the term: “muckraker”
Led to the Meat Inspection Act
Pure Food and Drug Act

9. The Progressive Presidents- Roosevelt
Conservation
Roosevelt believed the west had ‘healing powers’
Wanted to make sure generations to come to see the beauty
He and his Secretary of the Interior, Ethan A. Hitchcock, developed a conservation plan
Roosevelt added an additional 200 million acres for national forests, mineral reserves, and water projects
Established the Bureau of Forestry and named Gifford Pinchot to head it

10. The Progressive Presidents- Taft
Endorsed by Roosevelt; Roosevelt expected Taft to carry out his Progressive ideals
Payne-Aldrich Tariff
Major let down!
Brought Taft a lot of criticism
Ballinger-Pinchot Affair
Reveals Taft’s insecurity
After Pinochot accuses Ballinger of corruption, Taft fires Pinochot. Later, Ballinger resigns, BUT this ruins Taft’s reputation.

11. The Progressive Presidents- Election of 1912
Roosevelt hates Taft’s presidency…vows to fix it and decides to run again
Roosevelt- Republican, Taft- Republican…so the party splits
The Candidates
Roosevelt- Bull Moose/Progressive Party (more liberal Republicans)
Taft- Republican Party (conservative)
Wilson- Democratic Party

12. The Progressive Presidents- Wilson
Even though Wilson was a Democrat, he had the same beliefs as many life-long Progressives
Wanted to attack the “Triple Wall of Privilege”
Banks
Trusts
Tariffs

13. The Progressive Presidents- Wilson
Big Business Reform
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Replaces the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Much more effective
Truly begins to break up trusts, rather than just “watch” over them
Federal Trade Commission
Watched out for corruption in big business
Reported possible violations to Congress and the Judiciary committees

14. The Progressive Presidents- Wilson
Taxes
Underwood Tariff Act
Much more successful than the Payne-Aldrich Tariff
This one really did save people money
16th Amendment
First income taxes are passed

15. The Progressive Presidents- Wilson
Finances
Wilson established the Federal Reserve System
Allowed federal banks greater control of the money flow in times of emergency
This control comes through the raising and lowering of interests rates
Most successful institution of its kind that we have ever seen