1. The Interwar Years
China

2. The Dilemna
Some Chinese think the Emperor has lost his Mandate from Heaven
Some Chinese think the nation can regain its glory and power by using some Western ideals of gov’t

3. People upset by all the Western cultural changes
Empress Dowager Tz’u-hsi took over the throne from her nephew
She encouraged those groups who wanted to get rid of the Western influences
She encouraged the Society of the Righteous & Harmonious Fists = Boxers
1898 Boxer Rebellion
destroyed churches, RR, anything that had come from foreigners

4. Foreign nations sent armies to protect their citizens living in China
Boxer Rebellion put down by Russia, Grt Britain, US, France, Germany, and Japan

5. The Chinese gov’t had to pay for all the damage to foreign property
China now ruled by foreigners

6. Leader Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen)
That nationalist feeling the Boxers generated stayed with the Chinese people
The Kuomintang = Nationalist Party was born
Leader Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen)

7. They wanted a constitution, civil liberties, and a modern economy
1911 The Chinese overthrew the Empress
A 4000 year old monarchy was dead!
A new China was born

8. Except is wasn’t all good.
Sun Yixian couldn’t keep control
Warlords came
Sun Yixian fled to Japan
KMT (Nationalists or the Kuomintang) tried to control the warlords
Of all the foreign powers only the USSR would help

9. The KMT splits when Sun Yixian died in 1925
New leader is of conservative right is Chiang Kai-shek. *he controls the army
The new leader of the liberal left is Mao Zedong
Chiang Kai-shek
Mao Zedong

10. Chiang Kai-shek runs the KMT left Communists out and Mao Zedong and his follower begin the Long March

11. MEANWHILE....
The Japanese begin to encroach on Chinese resource rich territory
This invasion & the Chiang Kai-shek’s inability to protect the Chinese people will push many Chinese to Mao Zedong’s side.
In particular, the peasants begin to trust Mao more...and there a LOT of peasants

12. LATER...
Eventually Chiang Kai- shek will flee to Taiwan Island (the other China)
Mao Zedong will take over China after World War II
China will become Communist

13. Cold War Fears

14. Tiananmen Massacre 1989