1. Fighting WWI – Treaty of Versailles
Enduring Understandings
1. Nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and alliances propelled the industrialized nations into a devastating world war.
2. Advancement of technology changed the nature of global conflict and cooperation.
3. Cooperation among nations may not necessarily be fair for all parties.
Finish page 14 War Affects the World
Intro to how WWI ended
Complete page 15 – graphically organize understanding of how the war ended with the Treaty of Versailles.
Compare how the Treaty of Versailles compared with the Congress of Vienna and the lessons to be learned from the differences by completing page 16.
Work with groups on storybook

2. Gallipoli Campaign Allied expansion, war moves beyond Europe
Purpose of campaign was numerous…
Secure the Dardanelles Strait
Capture Constantinople
Defeat Turks
Establish supply line to Russia
Effort fails, yet another stalemate

3. United States Enters the War
Why?
Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare policy – the seas are no longer free
Attack on Lusitania (1915)
Zimmermann Note – attempt to get Mexico to fight for the Germans
Economic/cultural ties with Allies

4. World War I Propaganda
Because World War I spread to several continents, it required the full resources of many governments, thus making it a “total war.” Using this idea of the “total war” concept, governments created propaganda pieces calling on their citizens to join the war effort. The US was the country that produced the most propaganda. Examples of WWI propaganda can be seen on pgs. 360 & 367.

6. War Affects the Home Front
World War I becomes a total war, and governments take control of national economies
In the U.S. and Europe, citizens undergo rationing of goods
With millions of men at the front, many women go to work in factories and elsewhere

7. Russia Withdraws from the War
By 1917, the Russian government nears collapse as civil unrest and wartime shortages plague the empire
Czar Nicholas II abdicates his throne in March 1917
Russia pulls out of the war in early 1918
Lenin seizes power

8. Russia and Germany sign Brest-Litovsk Treaty
War on Eastern Front ends
Russia has to give up lands now in:
Latvia,
Lithuania,
Estonia,
Ukraine,
Poland and
Finland – all given to Germany

9. The Allies Win the War
With Russia’s withdrawal, Germany achieves a victory on the Eastern Front
Though Germany’s eastern troops head west, fresh American troops give the Allies an edge to win the second Battle of the Marne
German troops are exhausted – Americans are fresh
German materials are worn down and supplies, including food was very limited – Americans arrive with new machines and lots of food
After the 2nd Battle of the Marne, Germany is forced to retreat
German citizens are tired, worn out, and fed up with war

10. The Allies Win the War Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire surrender
Revolution against emperor of Austria-Hungary
Mutiny in Germany
The Kaiser abdicates,
Germany and the Allies sign an armistice, ending the war on November 11th, 1918

12. Treaty of Versailles Conference to establish terms of peace after WWI
Represented by the “Big Four”
Woodrow Wilson, president of the United States (14 points proposal)
Georges Clemenceau, prime minister of France
David Lloyd George, prime minister of Great Britain
Vittorio Orlando, prime minister of Italy
Not represented—Russia, Germany, German allies
Does this seem right?

13. Wilson’s 14 points – how do each relate to causes or results of WWI?
Open covenants of peace openly arrived at
Freedom of the seas
Freedom from trade barriers
Reduction of armaments
Impartial adjustment of colonial claims
Evacuation of Russian territory and Russian self-determination
Evacuation and restoration of Belgium
Evacuation of France and restoration of Alsace-Lorraine to France
Readjustment of Italian frontiers
Independent development for the peoples of Austria-Hungary
Readjustments in the Balkans
Independent development for the non-Turkish nationalities of the Ottoman Empire and the opening of the Dardanelles
Restoration of an independent Poland with access to the sea and
Establishment of a general association of nations.

15. Treaty of Versailles Treaty punishes Germany
Excludes Germany from League of Nations
Seizes all colonial possessions in Africa and the Pacific
Restricted the size and activities of its military
Forced to accept full responsibility for the war
Required to pay war reparations
Creates new nations (see map 1918 Europe—pg. 382 or 857)
Establishes a League of Nations, an international organization whose goal would be to keep peace among nations

16. The Legacy of the War
The war leaves 8.5 million soldiers dead and 21 million wounded, as well as millions of civilians dead and wounded
The war costs $338 billion, destroys land and towns in Europe and Russia, and causes disillusionment in society, as an entire generation of Europeans is lost
Treaty of Versailles would not lead to a lasting peace, but instead serve as a cause of WWII