1. The Developing Person Through Childhood and Adolescence, Tenth Edition by Kathleen Stassen Berger Clicker Question Presentation Slides Chapter 2
Critical Thinking Questions created by Sara Harris, Illinois State University

2. Norms are:
neutral stimuli.
theories.
averages.
facts.
Answer C

3. One of Sigmund Freud’s most influential ideas was that each stage of development includes:
rewards or punishments.
its own struggles.
cognitive restructuring.
a specific hierarchy of needs.
Answer B

4. A key component of operant conditioning is:
learning through association.
reinforcement.
modeling.
unconscious thoughts.
Answer B

5. According to Piaget, when a new experience does not fit current understanding, a person tends to experience a confusing state called:
cognitive disequilibrium.
adaptation.
preoperational thought.
assimilation.
Answer A

6. Which theorist maintained that all learning is social, whether people are learning a manual skill, a social custom, or a language?
Freud
Piaget
Vygotsky
Maslow
Answer C

7. Critical Thinking Questions

8. information processing
Every time Maggie takes her 3-year-old daughter Ava to the store, Ava has a tantrum. To make her stop, Maggie lets her pick out a toy. Thus, Maggie is reinforcing the tantrums by giving in and buying toys. Which theory does this example illustrate?
psychoanalytic
behaviorism
sociocultural
information processing
Answer B

9. information processing
You are working on a research team that investigates which brain structures and circuits function abnormally in children with ADHD. Which theory would likely guide this research study?
psychoanalytic
conditioning
evolutionary
information processing
Answer D

10. As a human being, you have a need for respect by the wider community, as well as by yourself. According to Maslow, you have a(n):
physiological need.
evolved need.
need for popularity.
need for esteem.
Answer D