1. THE COLONIZER AND THE COLONIZEDBY
Albert Memmi

2. The Colonizer and the Colonized

3. Albert Memmi(1920-)

4. About the author :- Born on December 15,1920 in Tunisia.
Also a writer, educator and sociologist apart from being a novelist.
‘The pillar of Salt’ and ‘Strangers’ – considered to be his best fiction works till date.

5. The Colonizer and The Colonized
Memmi’s most influential and most controversial non-fiction work.
First published in French in 1957 and later translated into English in 1965.
Autobiographical work- focuses on his first hand experiences as a Jew growing up in a Muslim predominant Tunisia.

6. The book focuses on Racism and African Colonialism.
He wrote this specifically in response to the Decolonization of North Africa in 1956.
The dynamics he illuminates here are similar to any colonial system.
Memmi describes this work as “portraits of the two protagonists of the colonial drama and the relationship that binds them”

7. Albert Memmi’s Tunisia
1881 – Tunisia became a colony of the french It was home to French colonizers, Italians, Tunisian Muslims and to a minority of Jews.
Of the four groups:- French – the obvious profiteers and Muslims – the most oppressed.
The Jews were more willing to try and assilmilate to the French.

8. The Jews even supported the French during the Independence uprising.
But Tunisia gained independence from France in 1956.
Democratic Constitutional Assembly (an Islamic fundamental organization) came into power.
As a result of this many Jews left Tunisia. Even Albert Memmi also left for Paris with his wife.

9. Preface The Preface of the text was written by Memmi himself.
In the preface he recollects about Tunisia and the oppressions he had to face there.
He wrote this work to identify his place in society.
Realized it to be an universal experience.

10. His main aim :- to define the colonial relationship between the colonizer and the colonized.
The colonial privilege is not solely economic.
The Jewish population identified themselves with the colonizers as with the colonized.

11. He says “ I was a sort of half-breed of colonization, understanding everyone because I belonged completely to no one.“
Memmi is also unconditionally oppossed to all forms of oppression. He says “Oppression is the greatest calamity of humanity.”

12. Introduction
The introduction to the work ‘ The Colonizer and the Colonized’ was written by Jean Paul Sartre.
He was a French existentialist philosopher, playwright, novelist, screen writer, political activist, biographer and a literary critic.

13. Jean Paul Sartre( )

14. Highlights:-
Three factors typify the colonizer:- Profit , privilege and usurpation
“Colonizer who refuses” and “colonizer who accepts”
The colonizer questions the validity of his own identity.

15. Presence of Nero complex.
Memmi describes Colonialism as ‘ one variety of fascism’.
Its key tools are racism and terror.
The colonial system also favours population growth.

16. The colonized becomes “divorced from reality”.
The colonized are denied of all their human rights. They are treated like animals.
But Memmi believes that the colonial system is fundamentally unstable and will lead to its own destruction, due to mere rigidity of the system.

17. The text has two parts:-
Part One: Portrait of the Colonizer
Part Two: Portrait of the Colonized

18. Part One

19. Part Two

20. Conclusion
The colonized have ultimately three answers to the colonial system:-
Assimilation.
Revolt.
Revolution.

21. THANK YOU