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ACIDS, BASES and SALTS
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Slide numbering system
Slide title: A, B, C… - Points on a slide: 1, 2, 3, - How to find it on your note handout: A1, A2, B1, B2…
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A1. What is a/an acid, base, salt? A2. How to name them
A. What you need to know? A1. What is a/an acid, base, salt? A2. How to name them A3. Acid, base, salt properties A4. Identify at least 3 products that are acids, bases, and salts used in daily life
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Organic(= Carbon-containing) acids Inorganic (=no carbon) acids
B. Common Acids Name Formula Organic(= Carbon-containing) acids acetic acid (vinegar) HC2H3O2 citric acid HC6H7O2 ascorbic acid HC6H7O6 lactic acid HC3H5O3 acetylsalicylic acid HC9H7O4 Inorganic (=no carbon) acids sulfuric acid H2SO4 carbonic acid H2CO3 phosphoric acid H3PO4 nitric acid HNO3 hydrochloric acid HCl hydrobromic acid HBr hydrofluoric acid HF
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C. What is an acid? C1. An acid is a compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when added to water.
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Hydro(element root)ic acid
D.How to name acid D1. Binary acids containing no oxygen Hydro(element root)ic acid e.g. HF Hydrofluoric acid HCl Hydrochloric acid HBr Hydrobromic acid HI Hydroiodic acid
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D2. Oxoacids (oxygen-containing acids):
How to name acid (cont.) D2. Oxoacids (oxygen-containing acids): (Non-ate part)ic acid Oxoacids Non-ate part Names HClO3 Chlor- Chloric acid HNO3 Nitr- Nitric acid H2CO3 Carbon- Carbonic acid HBrO3 Brom- Bromic acid HIO3 Iod- Iodic acid HC2H3O2 Acet- Acetic acid
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(Non-ate part) + ic acid
How to name acid (cont.) D3. Oxoacids that are slight exceptions to the naming rules of: (Non-ate part) + ic acid Oxoacids Non-ate part Names H2SO4 Sulf- Sulfuric acid H3PO4 Phosph- Phosphoric acid
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Try again
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RULE 1: hydro(element root)ic acid
Naming binary acid RULE 1: hydro(element root)ic acid Examples: HCl is hydrochloric acid HBr is hydrobromic acid HI is hydroiodic acid HF is hydrofluoric acid
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RULE 2: -ATE becomes -IC acid
Naming oxoacid RULE 2: -ATE becomes -IC acid Polyatomic ion Corresponding acid C2H3O2- is acetate HC2H3O2 is acetic acid NO3- is nitrate HNO3 is nitric acid ClO3- is chlorate HClO3 is chloric acid BrO3- is bromate HBrO3 is bromic acid IO3- is iodate HIO3 is iodic acid SO42- is sulphate H2SO4 is sulphuric acid CO32- is carbonate H2CO3 is carbonic acid PO43- is phosphate H3PO4 is phosphoric acid
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E. Common Acid Properties
E1. Sour E2. Corrosive E3. Water-soluble E4. Good electricity conductors
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F. Acids in everyday life
F1.Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) F2.Citric acid Also, ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)
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F. Acids in everyday life
F4. Cheese (lactic acid) F3. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) F5.Sour milk (lactic acid)
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F6. Sorbic Acid: a preservative
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G. Acids in the body G1.Heartburn:
Caused by HCl from the stomach comes back up the esophagus Despite its name, heartburn actually has nothing to do with the heart. It is so called because of a burning sensation of the breastbone where the heart is located Smoking, Eating large meals or shortly before bedtime , chocolate, fried and fatty foods, peppermint, coffee, alcohol, sugars relax the lower esophagus sphincter
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H. Bee Sting and Formic Acid
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BASES
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I. Common Bases Name Formula Sodium hydroxide NaOH Potassium hydroxide
KOH Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 Ammonium hydroxide NH4OH Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3
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J. What is a base? J1. A base is a compound which releases hydroxide ions (OH-) when added to water.
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K-How to name bases? Metal name first+ hydroxide e.g LiOH
Lithium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 Magnesium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Calcium hydroxide Fe(OH)2 Iron (II) hydroxide
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L. Common Acid Properties
Bases: L1. are bitter L2. feel slippery L3. are water-soluble L4. are good electricity conductors
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M. Bases in everyday life
M3. Baking soda (NaHCO3) M2. Windex (NH3) M1.Drain cleaners contains NaOH
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N. What would you do if? N1.Your car battery acid (H2SO4) is spilled?
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SALTS
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O. What is a salt? O1. Salts are ionic compounds composed of a metal ion and a non-metal ion O2. A salt is formed when acid react with base E.g. CuSO4
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P. Applications of Salts
P1. Soaps and Detergents
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P. Applications of Salts (cont.)
P2. Fertilizer (e.g. Ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate)
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Q. Salt and our Canadian’s weather
Q1. Why put salt on the sidewalk when it snows?
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Q. Salt and our Canadian’s weather
Q1. Road salt helps reduce the freezing point of snow
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R. A Cultural Look at Food Preservation
Table salts
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What are the most 2 interesting things you find out about ACIDS today?
What are the most 2 interesting things you find out about BASES today? What are the most 2 interesting things you find out about SALTS today?
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