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ACIDS, BASES and SALTS.

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Presentation on theme: "ACIDS, BASES and SALTS."— Presentation transcript:

1 ACIDS, BASES and SALTS

2 Slide numbering system
Slide title: A, B, C… - Points on a slide: 1, 2, 3, - How to find it on your note handout: A1, A2, B1, B2…

3 A1. What is a/an acid, base, salt? A2. How to name them
A. What you need to know? A1. What is a/an acid, base, salt? A2. How to name them A3. Acid, base, salt properties A4. Identify at least 3 products that are acids, bases, and salts used in daily life

4 Organic(= Carbon-containing) acids Inorganic (=no carbon) acids
B. Common Acids Name Formula Organic(= Carbon-containing) acids acetic acid (vinegar) HC2H3O2 citric acid HC6H7O2 ascorbic acid HC6H7O6 lactic acid HC3H5O3 acetylsalicylic acid HC9H7O4 Inorganic (=no carbon) acids sulfuric acid H2SO4 carbonic acid H2CO3 phosphoric acid H3PO4 nitric acid HNO3 hydrochloric acid HCl hydrobromic acid HBr hydrofluoric acid HF

5 C. What is an acid? C1. An acid is a compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when added to water.

6 Hydro(element root)ic acid
D.How to name acid D1. Binary acids containing no oxygen Hydro(element root)ic acid e.g. HF Hydrofluoric acid HCl Hydrochloric acid HBr Hydrobromic acid HI Hydroiodic acid

7 D2. Oxoacids (oxygen-containing acids):
How to name acid (cont.) D2. Oxoacids (oxygen-containing acids): (Non-ate part)ic acid Oxoacids Non-ate part Names HClO3 Chlor- Chloric acid HNO3 Nitr- Nitric acid H2CO3 Carbon- Carbonic acid HBrO3 Brom- Bromic acid HIO3 Iod- Iodic acid HC2H3O2 Acet- Acetic acid

8 (Non-ate part) + ic acid
How to name acid (cont.) D3. Oxoacids that are slight exceptions to the naming rules of: (Non-ate part) + ic acid Oxoacids Non-ate part Names H2SO4 Sulf- Sulfuric acid H3PO4 Phosph- Phosphoric acid

9 Try again

10 RULE 1: hydro(element root)ic acid
Naming binary acid RULE 1: hydro(element root)ic acid Examples: HCl is hydrochloric acid HBr is hydrobromic acid HI is hydroiodic acid HF is hydrofluoric acid

11 RULE 2: -ATE becomes -IC acid
Naming oxoacid RULE 2: -ATE becomes -IC acid Polyatomic ion Corresponding acid C2H3O2- is acetate HC2H3O2 is acetic acid NO3- is nitrate HNO3 is nitric acid ClO3- is chlorate HClO3 is chloric acid BrO3- is bromate HBrO3 is bromic acid IO3- is iodate HIO3 is iodic acid SO42- is sulphate H2SO4 is sulphuric acid CO32- is carbonate H2CO3 is carbonic acid PO43- is phosphate H3PO4 is phosphoric acid

12 E. Common Acid Properties
E1. Sour E2. Corrosive E3. Water-soluble E4. Good electricity conductors

13 F. Acids in everyday life
F1.Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) F2.Citric acid Also, ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)

14 F. Acids in everyday life
F4. Cheese (lactic acid) F3. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) F5.Sour milk (lactic acid)

15 F6. Sorbic Acid: a preservative

16 G. Acids in the body G1.Heartburn:
Caused by HCl from the stomach comes back up the esophagus Despite its name, heartburn actually has nothing to do with the heart. It is so called because of a burning sensation of the breastbone where the heart is located Smoking, Eating large meals or shortly before bedtime , chocolate, fried and fatty foods, peppermint, coffee, alcohol, sugars relax the lower esophagus sphincter

17 H. Bee Sting and Formic Acid

18 BASES

19 I. Common Bases Name Formula Sodium hydroxide NaOH Potassium hydroxide
KOH Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 Ammonium hydroxide NH4OH Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3

20 J. What is a base? J1. A base is a compound which releases hydroxide ions (OH-) when added to water.

21 K-How to name bases? Metal name first+ hydroxide e.g LiOH
Lithium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 Magnesium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Calcium hydroxide Fe(OH)2 Iron (II) hydroxide

22 L. Common Acid Properties
Bases: L1. are bitter L2. feel slippery L3. are water-soluble L4. are good electricity conductors

23 M. Bases in everyday life
M3. Baking soda (NaHCO3) M2. Windex (NH3) M1.Drain cleaners contains NaOH

24 N. What would you do if? N1.Your car battery acid (H2SO4) is spilled?

25 SALTS

26 O. What is a salt? O1. Salts are ionic compounds composed of a metal ion and a non-metal ion O2. A salt is formed when acid react with base E.g. CuSO4

27 P. Applications of Salts
P1. Soaps and Detergents

28 P. Applications of Salts (cont.)
P2. Fertilizer (e.g. Ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate)

29 Q. Salt and our Canadian’s weather
Q1. Why put salt on the sidewalk when it snows?

30 Q. Salt and our Canadian’s weather
Q1. Road salt helps reduce the freezing point of snow

31 R. A Cultural Look at Food Preservation
Table salts

32 What are the most 2 interesting things you find out about ACIDS today?
What are the most 2 interesting things you find out about BASES today? What are the most 2 interesting things you find out about SALTS today?


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