1. I. Introduction to Acids & Bases
Ch. 18 – Acids & Bases
I. Introduction to Acids & Bases

2. Review – Acid Nomenclature

3. Review – Acid Nomenclature+

4. Review – Naming Acids HCl Hydrochloric acid H2S Hydrosulfuric acid
H2SO4
H2SO3
HNO3
HNO2
HBr
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrosulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid
Sulfurous acid
Nitric acid
Nitrous acid
Hydrobromic acid

5. A. Properties ACIDS BASES electrolytes  electrolytes sour taste
bitter taste
turn litmus red
turn litmus blue
react with metals to form H2 gas
slippery feel
vinegar, milk, soda, apples, citrus fruits
ammonia, lye, antacid, baking soda

6. HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl– B. Definitions – +
Arrhenius – In aqueous solution…
Acids form hydronium ions (H3O+)
HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl– H Cl O – +
acid
Hydronium ion

7. NaOH  Na+ + OH- B. Definitions Arrhenius – In aqueous solution…
Bases form hydroxide ions (OH-)
H2O
NaOH  Na+ + OH-
Hydroxide ion O Na H
base

8. HCl + H2O  Cl– + H3O+ B. Definitions acid conjugate base base
Brønsted-Lowry
Acids are proton (H+) donors
Bases are proton (H+) acceptors
HCl + H2O  Cl– + H3O+
acid
conjugate base
base
conjugate acid

9. HBr + NaOH  NaBr + H2O B. Definitions acid conjugate base base
Brønsted-Lowry
Conjugate Acids are the result after a base accepts a hydrogen ion
Conjugate Bases are the result after an acid donates a hydrogen ion
HBr + NaOH  NaBr + H2O
acid
conjugate base
base
conjugate acid

10. Amphoteric – can be an acid or a base
B. Definitions
H2O + HNO3  H3O+ + NO3– B A CA CB
H2O + NH3  NH4+ + OH- A B CA CB
Amphoteric – can be an acid or a base

11. Polyprotic - an acid with more than one H+
B. Definitions
Give the conjugate base for each of the following: HF
H3PO4
H3O+
F -
H2PO4-
H2O
Polyprotic - an acid with more than one H+

12. Br - HSO4- CO32- HBr H2SO4 HCO3- B. Definitions
Give the conjugate acid for each of the following:
Br -
HSO4-
CO32-
HBr
H2SO4
HCO3-

13. B. Definitions Lewis Acids are electron pair acceptors
Bases are electron pair donors
Lewis base
Lewis acid

14. C. Strength Strong Acid/Base 100% ionized in water strong electrolyte- +
Strong Acid/Base
100% ionized in water
strong electrolyte
NaOH
LiOH
KOH
CsOH
RbOH
Ca(OH)2
Ba(OH)2
HCl
HNO3
H2SO4
HBr HI
HClO4

15. C. Strength Weak Acid/Base does not ionize completely weak electrolyte- + HF
CH3COOH
H3PO4
H2CO3
HCN
NH3