1. The Six Kingdoms
An Overview

2. Before the six kingdoms, there were…
After Linnaeus created his two-word naming system, scientists only recognized 2 kingdoms
Plantae (plants) & Animalia (animals)
Because of the increase in knowledge of living organisms and the invention of the microscope, biologists have added complexity and detail to the classification system

3. Before the six kingdoms, there were…
In the 1800’s, scientists noticed differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, so they added a kingdom for the prokaryotes
Then, there were 5 kingdoms
Monera (prokaryotes), Protista, Fungi, Plantae & Animalia
In the 1900’s, scientists noticed two major groups of prokaryotes in the Kingdom Monera

4. The Six Kingdoms Today:
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
DOMAIN BACTERIA
DOMAIN ARCHAEA
DOMAIN EUKARYA
The 6 Kingdoms are sorted into 3 domains because scientists see major differences among them

5. What about Viruses?
Viruses don’t have a place in the Linnaean classification system because they are not considered living – they are missing key characteristics of living organisms
For example, viruses do have genetic material, but they cannot reproduce on their own.
Viruses reproduce by infecting cells.

6. Major Characteristics that define Kingdoms and Domains
Cell Type (prokaryotic or eukaryotic)
Cell Structure (cell walls or no cell walls)
Number of Cells (unicellular or multicellular)
Nutrition (autotroph or heterotroph)
Reproduction (asexual or sexual)

7. Domain: Bacteria Kingdom: Eubacteria
Common name is bacteria
Cell type: prokaryotic
Cell structure: cell wall with peptidoglycan
Number of cells: unicellular
Nutrition: autotrophic or heterotrophic
Mode of reproduction: asexual - binary fission
Other information: Most are beneficial
Examples: E. coli & Streptococcus pneumoniae

8. Domain: Archaea Kingdom: Archaebacteria
Common name is archaea
Cell type: prokaryotic
Cell structure: cell wall with unique lipids
Number of cells: unicellular
Nutrition: autotrophic or heterotrophic
Mode of reproduction: asexual - binary fission
Other information: live in extreme environments
Examples: Staphylothermus marinus

9. Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Protista
Common name is protists
Cell type: eukaryotic
Cell structure: some species have cell wall
Number of cells: unicellular or multicellular
Nutrition: autotrophic or heterotrophic
Mode of reproduction: sexual & asexual
Other information: not a natural group but a “left-over” taxon. Most are marine.
Examples: paramecium

10. Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Fungi
Common name is Fungi
Cell type: eukaryotic
Cell structure: cell walls with chitin
Number of cells: mostly multicellular
Nutrition: heterotrophic by absorption
Mode of reproduction: sexual
Other information: Some fungi taste great and others can kill you
Examples: mushrooms, mold & mildew

11. Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Plantae
Common name is Plants
Cell type: eukaryotic
Cell structure: cell walls with cellulose
Number of cells: multicellular
Nutrition: autotrophic
Mode of reproduction: sexual & asexual
Other information: range from tiny mosses to giant trees
Examples: flowering plants

12. Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia
Common name is Animals
Cell type: eukaryotic
Cell structure: no cell walls
Number of cells: multicellular
Nutrition: heterotrophic by ingestion
Mode of reproduction: sexual
Other information: found in every type of environment (air, water, land…)
Examples: bottle-nose dolphin, monarch butterfly