1. Ocean Life

2. Three Types of Marine Life
Plankton – Microscopic organisms that float or drift freely in marine environments. Examples: Diatoms, Algae Plankton
Nekton – All organisms that swim actively in open water and move throughout the water column. Examples: Sardines, Dolphin, Sting Ray
Benthos – Organisms that live at the bottom of the ocean floor. Examples: Crab, Sponges, Sea stars

3. Plankton

4. Nekton

5. Benthos

6. Marine Environments

7. Intertidal Zone

8. Characteristics of the Intertidal Zone
Area that stretches from the highest high-tide line on land out to the point on the continental shelf is exposed by low tide.
Tide-the rise and fall of Earth’s waters on the coastlines caused by interactions of Earth, the moon, and the sun.
Located where the ocean meets the land
Exposed to air part of the day.
Organisms adapted to survive exposure to air, crashing waves, change in salinity and temperature.

9. Neritic Zone

10. Characteristics of the Neritic Zone
The area of the ocean that extends from the low-tide line out to the edge of the continental shelf.
Water becomes deeper as the floor begins to slope downward
Receives sunlight and steady supply of nutrients washed from land.
Large plantlike algae able to grow-provide food and shelter for other organisms.

12. Characteristics of the Oceanic Zone
Seafloor drops sharply – contains the deep water of the ocean.
Contains three zones- Surface zone, transition zone, and deep zone
Some animals live in very deep water and get their food from material that sinks down from above.

13. Surface Zone Extends as far as the sunlight reaches below the surface.
Only part in open ocean that receives enough light to support the growth of algae.

14. Transition Zone
Extends from the bottom of the surface zone to depth of 1 km.
Water is dark and cold.

15. Benthic Zone and (Deep Zone)

16. Characteristics of the Benthic Zone
This is the ocean floor. It can be found in shallow or deep water.
The deepest parts do not receive any sunlight.
Organisms in the deepest parts have adaptations that allow them to survive.
Bioluminescence- production of light by living things.

17. Characteristics of the Benthic Zone
In the deepest parts, some organisms (bacteria) get energy from chemicals released from hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor. This process is called chemosynthesis.
Hydrothermal vents- hot water rises out of the cracks of the ocean floor carrying gases and minerals.

18. Marine Ecosystems

19. Intertidal Areas

20. National Geographic- Coral Reef Art
Coral Reefs
Underwater Art
National Geographic- Coral Reef Art

21. Estuaries Known as the “nursery” of the sea
Found where fresh and salt water meet
Rich in nutrients
Provide protection for migratory birds
Example-Chesapeake Bay

23. Mangrove Swamps Located along the coasts of tropical areas.
Protect the coastline from erosion and reduce damage of tropical storms.
Provides breeding and feeding areas for many different organisms.

25. Sargasso Sea Found in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.
Contains “rafts” of algae called sargassum.
Many animals here are same color as sargassum therefore they are able to hide.

27. Polar Ice

29. Iceberg Floating in the Ocean