2. Lincoln “Let the next president be Republican and 1860 will mark an era kindred with that of 1776.” Chicago Tribune

3. AIM: Can Lincoln be credited with solving the ills of a nation at odds with itself?
Key Terms
Emancipation Proclamation
Writ of Habeas Corpus
Civil War – most Americans to die in a war…both sides American.
Essential Questions:
Should we consider Lincoln a “great emancipator,” leader, talented wordsmith, and/or a President who abused his powers?

4. Election of 1860

7. What is the message about the Election of 1860?

8. "Dividing the National Map"
Parody of all four candidates in the 1860 presidential election. A map of the United States hung on a wall is being torn apart by three of the candidates. Lincoln (far left) and Douglas tear at the western part of the country, as Breckinridge (center) attacks the South. The fourth, John Bell (right), stands on a stool trying to repair the northeastern section with a jar of "Spaldings," a widely marketed glue of the period. Several boxes of this adhesive appear, prominently labeled, at right.

9. Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address
Lincoln tried to make peace and forced the Confederates to be the aggressors. Lincoln handles the early part of the war by forcing the Confederates to start the war by firing the first shots at Fort Sumter because Lincoln does not evacuate the Fort, but resupplies it instead.
Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address
In the 1864 election, Lincoln defeated former U.S. General George McClellan who ran a campaign of ending the war with a truce; letting the Confederacy remain a second nation. In his address, Lincoln stated his post-war plans that the Confederacy will not be punished, that everyone in this war is after all, Americans, and that the North and South would be friends again, and that there will be “malice toward none” after the war.

10. Why is Lincoln ranked so high in presidential favorites surveys?
Top 10 Presidents Ranked by CSPAN: 2017
Why is Lincoln ranked so high in presidential favorites surveys?

17. Preservation of the Union
“My paramount (chief) object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either save or destroy slavery. If I could have the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could save the Union by freeing some and leaving others alone I would do that. What I do about slavery and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union…” - Letter to Horace Greeley, August 22, 1862.

18. “A house divided against itself cannot stand
“A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe that this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free.” A.L.

19. Emancipation Proclamation
“I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States...in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion…do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free; and that the Executive government of the United States...will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons...“ –January 1, 1863

20. The Emancipation Proclamation

21. Effectiveness of Emancipation
“I did more for the Russian serf in giving him land as well as personal liberty, than America did for the Negro slave set free by the Proclamation of President Lincoln. I am at a loss to understand how you Americans could have been so blind as to the leave the Negro slave without tools to work out his salvation…Without property of any kind he cannot educate his children. I believe the time has come when many will question the manner of the American emancipation of the Negro slaves.” - Czar Alexander II of Russia (1879)

22. Emancipation in 1863

23. 13th amendment
“§1 Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude; except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. §2 Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.”

25. What constitutional issues did the civil war provoke?
Lincoln asserted unprecedented presidential powers:
Calling up the militia
Expanded US Army when Congress was not in session
Exercised extraordinary power in curtailing individuals’ rights in wartime
Suspended writ of habeas corpus
Authorized military trials for civilians.
People arrested for “treasonable language” and publications that appear to threaten the Union.
Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves
Done as a military strategy
Profound symbolic significance

26. Application
Has Lincoln changed the trend of failure of leadership that plagued the pre-Civil War America?
Why is Lincoln ranked so high in presidential favorites surveys?