1. Presidents of the Gilded Age
Grant-McKinley

2. Republican Divide after Civil War Big Issue: Reconstruction of South
Radical Republicans
Former abolitionists
Wanted to punish ex-Confederates by giving former slaves full rights and equality
Limit rights of ex-Confederates
Liberal Republicans
Former Lincoln backers
Wanted to be more lenient with ex-Confederates in South
Limited rights for former slaves

3. Ulysses S. Grant 2 terms- 1869-1877 Republican: Radical
From Ohio
Republican: Radical
VP: Schuyler Colfax & Henry Wilson
Prior to President: General in Civil War

4. Grant
Wanted to save legacy of War so adopted Radical Republican ideals
Continued Reconstruction, Established Gold Standard, Wanted peace with Native Americans
Scandals: Poor judge of character and too loyal to those who were dishonest

5. Republican divide over Civil Service reform
Stalwarts
Pro Grant Republicans
Opposed Civil Service Reform
Favored the “norm” of the time, machine politics
Half-Breeds
Reform Republicans
Favored Civil Service Reform
Opposed machine politics and political corruption

6. Rutherford B. Hayes 1 term- 1877-1881
From Ohio
Republican: Mixture (Radical in belief, but liberal in action, and a Half Breed)
VP: William Weaver
Prior to President: Military, Congressman, Governor

7. Hayes “perminant pacification” of South, Civil Service reform
Ended Reconstruction, vetoed bill to end Chinese immigration
Hayes-Tilden Affair, Failed to pass civil service reform

8. Hayes-Tilden Affair
Tilden nearly won election, came down to three Republican controlled states and they voted to give Hayes the win.

9. James Garfield 1881 From Ohio Republican: Half Breeds
VP: Chester Arthur
Prior to President: Military, Congressman

10. Garfield Half Breed= Reform Republican
Civil Service
Struggled with patronage issue during his year in office. Dealt with Stalwarts (Conservative Republican-Grant Supporters)
Assassinated by Charles Guiteau

11. Assassination of Garfield

12. Chester A. Arthur 1 term-1881-1885 Republican: Stalwart VP: none
From New York
Republican: Stalwart
VP: none
Prior to President: Military, NY political machine, VP

13. Arthur
Was a conservative Stalwart= corrupt and used old style of politics but as pres. He leaned more to reform.
Chinese Exclusion Act and Pendleton Act, which enacted civil service reform.
Took over for assassinated President and had sweet mutton chops.

14. New faction to add to Stalwarts v. Half Breeds
Mugwumps
Ultra reform minded- Rejected the idea that party loyalty mattered.
Half-Breeds were for civil service reform but only as long as it wouldn’t cost the party.
Mugwump Republicans left the party and voted for Grover Cleveland who they believed would enact civil service reform

15. Grover Cleveland 1 term (for now)- 1885-1889
From New York
Democrat: Reformer (supported by Mugwumps)
VP: Thomas Hendricks
Prior to President: Mayor of Buffalo, Governor

16. Cleveland
Reform: Anti-political machine, revise high tariffs, tax luxuries
Presidential Succession Act, Interstate Commerce Act(regulate RR), Dawes Act
First and only President to serve two non consecutive terms, fought for low tariffs but never able to pass any thing

17. Benjamin Harrison 1 term- 1889-1893 Republican: Half Breed
From Indiana
Republican: Half Breed
VP: Levi Morton
Prior to President: Military, Senator

18. Harrison
Pro tariff, elimination of taxes when nation has surplus, anti-trust, naval expansion
Sherman anti-trust act and McKinley Tariff (very high tariff)
Grandson of President William Henry Harrison, and first of the imperialist-minded presidents

19. Grover Cleveland again
1 term
From New York
Democrat: Reform
VP: Adlai Stevenson
Prior to President: President….

20. Cleveland again
Reform: Lower tariff (repeal the McKinley Tariff), indecisive on gold ad silver issue, anti-trust
Refused to annex Hawaii, Reduced McKinley Tariff, Broke up Pullman strike, Panic of 1893
Was able to pass lower tariff but result was still higher than tariffs during his first term

21. William McKinley Elected to 2 terms- 1897-1901 Republican: Imperialist
From Ohio
Republican: Imperialist
VP: Garret Hobart, Theodore Roosevelt
Prior to President: Military, Governor

22. McKinley
Gold Standard (but left door open for Silver), Imperialism (annex Hawaii and get involved in West Indies), high tariff, restrictions of immigrants
Restored higher tariffs, annexed Hawaii, Spanish American War, Open door policy with China
Assassinated by anarchist

23. Assassination of McKinley