1. The U.S. Presidency
Article II: The Executive Branch

2. Who Would You Choose?
What traits, characteristics, or standards do you think a Presidential candidate must possess/meet in order to be considered truly qualified for the position?
Study the 10 candidates.
Circle your top three choices.

3. Who Are They? CANDIDATE #1 NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
 CANDIDATE #2 GEORGE WASHINGTON
CANDIDATE #3 ABRAHAM LINCOLN 
CANDIDATE #4 ELEANOR ROOSEVELT
CANDIDATE #5 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
CANDIDATE #6 MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.
CANDIDATE #7 AL CAPONE
CANDIDATE #8 ADOLF HITLER 
CANDIDATE #9 JULIUS CAESAR
CANDIDATE #10 RONALD REAGAN 
Subtitle Goes Here.

4. Qualifications
What does it take to be the president?

5. Demographic Characteristics of U.S. Presidents
69% politicians
62% lawyers
>50% from the top 3% wealth and social class
0.5% born into poverty
69% elected from large states
100% male
99% Caucasian
97% Protestant
82% of British ancestry
77% college educated
In your notes, list some informal requirements Presidents share.

6. Fortunate Son Think-Pair-Share
What do you think this song is about? What’s going on?
Compare and contrast these lyrics to the demographic characteristics of presidents. What connections can you make between the lyrics and those statistics?
How do the lyrics relate to the American presidency?
What do you think is the overall message of the songwriter?

7. FORMAL
QUALIFICATIONS

8. Constitutional Requirements
Age:
Citizenship:
Residency:
35 years old
natural-born citizen
14 years

9. INFORMAL QUALIFICATIONS

10. Let’s Play
Four Corners!

11. 1 2
Four Corners 3 4

12. GENDER: A qualified Presidential candidate must be a male

13. Religion: A qualified Presidential candidate must be a strongly devoted Christian

14. Appearance: A qualified Presidential candidate must be physically attractive

15. A Good Speaker: A qualified Presidential candidate must be very charming and charismatic

16. Education: A qualified Presidential candidate must have a college degree

17. Wealth: A qualified Presidential candidate must come from a wealthy background

18. Military Service: A qualified Presidential candidate must have previously served in the armed force

19. Political Experience: A qualified President must have prior political experience

20. Informal Requirements
Government experience
Money
Moderate political beliefs
Personal Characteristics
White, married, protestant, middle-class

21. TERM
AND
BENEFITS
Subtitle Goes Here.

22. was the first president
Term of Office
4 years
22nd Amendment
Limited the president to serving 2 terms or no more than 10 years
was the first president
FDR
to serve more
than 2 terms

23. Salary and Benefits 400,000 salary (1991) Lives in the White House
$50,000 expense account
$100,000 travel expenses
Salary and Benefits
400,000 salary (1991)
Lives in the White House
Fleet of planes, cars, helicopters
Country home (Camp David)
Secret Service protection
Pension (148,000/yr)
Medical and dental care

24. Succession
Who’s next?

25. President Pro-Temp of Senate
Line of Succession
PRESIDENT
Vice-President
Speaker of the House
President Pro-Temp of Senate
Cabinet Members
(in order of creation)

26. Presidential Succession Act
1947
Established the line of succession after the Vice-president

27. 20th Amendment “Lame Duck Amendment”
If the President-elect dies before the inauguration, the Vice-President-elect becomes the president

28. 25th Amendment (1967) Presidential Succession President Vacancy
In cases of presidential death, resignation or removal, the vice-president becomes president
Vice-President vacancy
If V.P. office is vacant, the President appoints one with Senate approval.

29. 25th Amendment (1967) Presidential Disability
Vice-president becomes acting president under two conditions
President informs Congress of his inability to perform his duties
VP and majority of the Cabinet inform Congress of the president’s disability
President may resume powers of office at any time by simply informing Congress the disability no longer exists

30. Nixon and the 25th Nixon elected 1968 & 1972
1ST V. P. Spiro Agnew resigned b/c of income tax evasion
Nixon appointed Gerald Ford VP
Nixon resigned because of the Watergate scandal
Ford became President
Ford appoints Nelson Rockefeller VP

31. Roles & Duties

32. President Bush holds cabinet meeting in October, 2005
Chief Executive
President Clinton with Janet Reno, the first female Attorney General,
February, 1993
head of the executive branch
AKA = the Bureaucracy
in charge of federal departments and agencies
Sees that the laws passed by Congress are carried out
Examples:
Impoundment
Executive orders
Remove appointed officials

33. Queen Elizabeth and President Reagan, 1983
Chief of State
Performs ceremonial duties
Represents the nation to foreign countries
Examples:
Lighting the national Christmas Tree
Giving awards and medals
Hosting White House dinners and foreign leaders
Camp David Accords
Attending funerals for foreign leaders

34. Mikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan signing the INF Treaty, 1987
Chief Diplomat
Directs US foreign policy
Makes decisions about the relations the US has with other countries in the world
Examples:
Issuing sanctions
Making Treaties
Placing an embargo on Cuba
Recognition of foreign governments

35. President Roosevelt signs into law the Social Security Act, 1935
Chief Legislator
AKA Chief Agenda Setter
Sets the “agenda” for our country
what issues are important and what to do about them
Proposes legislation to Congress
President Roosevelt signs into law the Social Security Act, 1935
Examples:
State of the Union Address
The budget

36. Pres. Johnson decorates a soldier
Commander-in-Chief
Head of the armed forces
May send troops anywhere in the world for any given reason
Pres. Johnson decorates a soldier
in Vietnam, October, 1966
Examples:
Undeclared wars like Korea and Vietnam
Visiting troops

37. Chief of Party Head of his political party
President Reagan & Vice-President Bush accepting their party’s nomination in 1980
Chief of Party
Head of his political party
Provide leadership for his political party
Assists in election & appointment of party members to office
Examples:
Raising money for candidates of his party
Planning campaign strategies
Nominating cabinet members

38. President Bush at Ground Zero after 9-11
Chief Citizen
Representative of the Nation
One person who is elected by all of the people
Expected to represent all of the people
Voice of the nation – lead country through disasters
President Bush at Ground Zero after 9-11
Examples:
Visiting disaster areas
Comforting the nation

39. Impeachment

40. Impeachment Process What is impeachment? Role of the House:
Accusing the president of “treason, bribery, or other “high crimes and misdemeanors” for which he may be removed from office
Role of the House:
In charge of impeachment or accusing the president
Role of the Senate
Holds trial on impeachment charges
determines guilt / removal

41. Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
Reason
Congress passes the Tenure of Office Act forbidding a president from firing an appointed official without approval from Congress
Johnson feels law is unconstitutional and fires his Secretary of War
House impeaches Johnson for violating the Tenure of Office Act
Outcome
acquitted by one vote

42. Impeachment of Bill Clinton
Reason
Perjury in a grand jury testimony
Obstruction of justice
Outcome
acquitted

43. The American President
At the Movies: Roles of the President

44. Presidential
Powers
Key Powers of the President

45. Formal Powers of the President
Constitutional or enumerated powers of the presidency
Found primarily in Article II of the Constitution

46. Chief Executive Powers
Execute the law
“Faithfully execute the laws”
Consult the Cabinet
Granting Pardons
Grant pardons (forgiveness) for federal offenses except for cases of impeachment
Appointing Officials
Nominates federal judges, Cabinet and ambassadors with approval of the Senate
Fill vacancies during recess of Senate

47. Diplomatic Powers Diplomatic Recognition Treaties
Official agreements between the US and foreign countries
Requires approval of 2/3 of the Senate
Diplomatic Recognition
Decides whether US will recognize governments of other countries

48. Diplomatic Powers Diplomatic Recognition Treaties Executive Agreements
Official agreements between the US and foreign countries
Requires approval of 2/3 of the Senate
Executive Agreements
“unofficial” agreements = pacts between the President and leaders of foreign governments
Do not require senate approval
Diplomatic Recognition
Decides whether US will recognize governments of other countries

49. Military Powers Committing Troops War Powers Act (1973)
As head of the armed forces, can send troops anywhere in the world – often into combat
“undeclared wars” like Korea and Vietnam
War Powers Act (1973)
Passed by Congress to limit president’s ability to commit troops into combat
Must notify Congress within 48 hours
Cannot send troops into combat for more than 60 days without consent of Congress

50. Legislative Powers Recommends Legislations Vetoing Legislation
Proposes legislation to Congress
State of the Union Address
Vetoing Legislation
Rejecting laws passed by Congress or Pocket Veto
May be overridden by 2/3 vote of Congress (4%)
Lobbying
Gaining support for his agenda
Ex: invitations to dinner at the White House, phone calls, campaign help

51. Informal Powers
Those powers not explicitly written in the Constitution
Similar to “necessary and proper” powers of Congress
In the modern era (since 1933), the President’s informal powers may be significantly more powerful than his formal powers

52. Executive Orders
Orders issued by the President that carry the force of law
Examples:
Clinton’s “Don’t ask don’t tell” gays in the military policy
FDR’s internment of Japanese Americans
GWB trying suspected terrorists in military tribunals
Notice for Japanese “relocation,” 1942

53. Executive Agreements
International agreements, usually related to trade, made by a president that has the force of a treaty; does NOT need Senate approval
Examples:
Jefferson’s purchase of Louisiana in 1803
GWB announced cuts in the nuclear arsenal, but not in a treaty
usually trade agreements between US and other nations

54. Executive Privilege
Claim by a president that he has the right to decide that the national interest will be better served if certain information is withheld from the public, including the Courts and Congress
Example:
United States v. Nixon (1973) – presidents do NOT have unqualified executive privilege (Nixon Watergate tapes)

55. Questions for Discussion
Why are informal powers more important than formal powers, particularly to modern presidents?
Identify several advantages and disadvantages of the use of the president’s informal powers.
Has the use and perhaps abuse of the informal powers created an “Imperial Presidency?” Defend your answer.

56. Presidential Quotations

57. President Harry S. Truman
"I sit here all day trying to persuade people to do the things they ought to have the sense to do without my persuading them. That's all the powers of the President amount to."
Truman, 33rd President,

58. President John F. Kennedy
“No easy problem ever comes to the President of the United States. If they are easy to solve, somebody else has solved them.”
President Kennedy’s nationally televised address during the Cuban Missile Crisis, October, 1962

59. President Lyndon B. Johnson
“The presidency has made every man who occupied it, no matter how small, bigger than he was; and no matter how big, not big enough for its demands.”
President Johnson,
36th President,

60. President Richard M. Nixon
"Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the manner in which the president personally exercises his assigned executive powers is not subject to questioning by another branch of government."
In the aftermath of the Watergate scandal, President Nixon departs the White House after his resignation, Aug., 1974

61. President George W. Bush
“To those of you who received honors, awards, and distinctions, I say 'Well done.' And to the C students, I say 'You, too, can be president of the United States.'”
President George W. Bush, speaking at Yale University's 300th commencement ceremony
President Bush, 43rd President, 2001-present

63. Chief Executive Powers
Executive Orders
rules that have the force of law
Spells out details of policies and programs Congress enacts
Executive Privilege
“right to remain silent” about things confidential to the job
Appointing Officials
Appoints federal judges, Cabinet secretaries, and ambassadors with approval of the Senate

64. US v. Nixon (1974)
Nixon refuses to turn over secretly-recorded White House conversations regarding the Watergate cover-up
Court rules Nixon must hand over the tapes to the House
Nixon resigns

65. Judicial Powers Reprieves Commutations Pardons Amnesty
Postponement of legal punishment
Commutations
Lessens the severity of legal punishment
Pardons
Release from legal punishment
Amnesty
Group pardon to people for an offense against the government
Ex: draft dodgers in Vietnam

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68. Backdrops: - These are full sized backdrops, just scale them up!
- Can be Copy-Pasted out of Templates for use anywhere!

69. Presidential Roles

70. President Kennedy speaks at Berlin Wall, 1963
Head of State
President Kennedy speaks at Berlin Wall, 1963

71. Chief Executive

72. President Bush aboard U.S.S. Lincoln, May, 2003
Commander-in-Chief
President Bush aboard U.S.S. Lincoln, May, 2003

73. President Clinton delivers the State of the Union Address, 1997
Chief Legislator
President Clinton delivers the State of the Union Address, 1997

74. Crisis Manager Vice-President Johnson sworn in aboard Air Force One
after President Kennedy’s assassination, 1963

75. Moral Persuader President Roosevelt and the “Bully Pulpit,” 1910
President Lincoln during the Civil War, 1862