1. Urbanization

2. How do we use land?

3. Land Use Industrial Uses Clear cut land to place industrial plants
Hazardous Waste produced
Thermal Pollution – water too hot
Chemical waste entering water systems

4. Land Use Housing and development
New subdivisions are cropping up due to the population growth in areas.
Land is cleared for commercial use (retail businesses and medical facilities)

5. What is Urbanization? Large town with a growing suburbs
Depend on resources outside the city
Why are big cities growing?
Increase in birth rates
Immigration – poor are moving to larger cities and away from rural areas
Cities have grown from 2% to 45% since 1950
By % of all people in the world will live in urban areas.

6. 75% of the US population lives in urban areas occupying 3% of the country’s land area

7. What are Heat Islands?

8. Heat Islands: The enormous amount of heat generated creates an urban heat island

9. Heat Island research
What trends do you see?

10. WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS AND PROBLEMS WITH URBAN DEVELOPMENT?
Infectious diseases
Inadequate water system
Poor sewer systems
Exposure to pollution
BENEFITS
Better education system
Medical services
Social service programs

11. What is Population growth?
Current Population Rate
US: over 300 million World: over 7 billion

12. What is Carrying capacity?

13. Ecological Stability
Carrying Capacity – maximum number of individuals the environment can support

15. Exceeding the Carrying Capacity
Reindeer introduced to a small island off of Alaska in the early 1900s exceeded the carrying capacity, with an "overshoot" followed by a "population crash" in which the population was totally decimated by the mid–1900s.
© Brooks/Cole Publishing Company / ITP

16. What is Smart Growth? Smart growth Reduces dependence on cars
Controls and directs sprawl
Cuts wasteful resource use

17. Smart Growth Works! U.S. cities Curitiba, Brazil
Portland, OR
San Francisco, CA
Curitiba, Brazil
Europe: compact cities

18. SOLUTIONS Smart Growth Tools Limits and Regulations Protection Taxes
Preserve existing open space
Buy new open space
Limit building permits
Buy development rights that prohibit certain types of development on land parcels
Urban growth boundaries
Greenbelts around cities
Public review of new development
Taxes
Zoning
Tax land, not buildings
Tax land on value of actual use (such as forest and agriculture) instead of on highest value as developed land
Encourage mixed use of housing and small businesses
Concentrate development along mass transportation routes
Tax Breaks
For owners agreeing not to allow certain types of development (conservation easements)
Promote high-density cluster housing developments
Figure 22.16
Smart growth or new urbanism tools that are used to control urban growth and sprawl. Questions: Which five of these tools do you think are the most important ways to prevent or control urban sprawl? Which, if any, of these tools are used in your community?
For cleaning up and developing abandoned urban sites (brownfields)
Planning
Ecological land-use planning
Revitalization and New Growth
Environmental impact analysis
Revitalize existing towns and cities
Integrated regional planning
Build well-planned new towns and villages within cities
State and national planning
Fig , p. 603

19. New Urbanism Is Growing
Cluster development
New urbanism, old villageism
Walkability
Mixed-use and diversity
Quality urban design
Environmental sustainability
Smart transportation

20. The Ecocity Concept: Cities for People Not Cars
Ecocities or green cities
Build and redesign for people
Use renewable energy resources
Recycle and purify water
Use energy and matter resources efficiently
Prevent pollution and reduce waste
Recycle, reuse and compost municipal waste
Protect and support biodiversity
Urban gardens; farmers markets
Zoning and other tools for sustainability

21. Science Focus: Urban Indoor Farming
Rooftop greenhouses
Sun Works: designs energy-efficient greenhouses
Hydroponic gardens
Skyscraper farms