1. The Holocaust

2. The Holocaust ( )
The Holocaust will begin when Hitler gains complete control of Germany in 1933
Goal: Remove “undesirables” from Germany and the rest of Europe
11,000, 000 people will be victims 6,000,000 Jews and 5,000,000 others)

3. Hitler and the Aryan Race
Germans will be indoctrinated to believe that the Aryan race was racially superior and more “fit” to other groups
Believed that the “undesirables” were polluting the Aryan race
The goal was to “cleanse” population
Idea stemmed from Eugenics (human race was degenerating)

4. The “Undesirables” Jews Gypsies Poles Mentally unfit
Physically disabled
Slavic people
Communists

5. 3 Phases Phase I Legal Persecution of the Jews
Nuremberg Laws were passed in
Deprived German Jews of their rights of citizenship, giving them the status of "subjects”
More laws will be issued that eventually deprived them of their basic human rights.

6. Nuremberg Laws (a few examples)
Could not do the following:
Own businesses
Shop at Aryan businesses
Go to school
Could not work as a civil servant
Marry an Aryan
Work in a bank

8. Kristallnacht “The Night of Broken Glass”
First organized violence against German Jews
November 9, 1938
Retaliation for the killing of a German Embassy staff by 17 yr old Herschel Grynszpan
Synagogues were burned, Jewish shops and homes were destroyed, German Jews were beaten by mobs of Brownshirts and S.S.

9. Synagogues were burned

10. Stores owned by German Jews were destroyed

11. Thousands of German Jews were arrested

12. Sent to Concentration Camps
Established in order to provide protective custody for enemies of the state
First concentration camp---Dachau (1933)
Prisoners of concentration camps were used for manual labor
First prisoners were communists and other political prisoners of Hitler

13. Life Within the Camps Prisoners were dehumanized
Prisoners were divided and labeled based on their status (Jew, Pole, homosexual, political prisoner)
Given a uniform and in some camps given a number

14. Prisoner 26,947 (Auschwitz Prisoner)

16. Entrance to Dachau

17. Dachau

18. Nazi Actions Between 1938-1939 Passports marked with a “J”
All were to carry identity cards
All Jews were ordered to change middle names to Sara or Israel
All were instructed to wear Jewish Star on their clothing (Poland 1st)

19. Yellow Star

20. Phase II Ghettoization and Deportation 1939-1942
Purpose was to isolate Jews and create total confinement for the Jewish population
Entire neighborhoods were turned into a prison for the Jewish
Jews were deported from ghettoes to concentration camps

21. Ghettoes No schools for children Rations were limited
Factories were built in ghettos or along walls
Diseases spread quickly, close quarters
Multiple families living in apartments

22. Ghetto Wall

23. Theresienstadt Terezin, Czechoslovakia Transit camp for Czech Jews
Described through propaganda as a “spa town” for Jews to retire in safety
Amid rumors of mass killings and conditions in ghettoes the Red Cross permitted to visit in June 1944
Staged for the visit

24. Phase III The Final Solution 1941-1945
Purpose: Liquidate the Jewish population in Nazi jurisdiction
The Final Solution will be organized by S.S. commander Heinrich Himmler

25. Heinrich Himmler

26. The Final Solution Deportation of Jews to killing centers
Immediate death for those unable to work
Segregation by gender of remaining Jews
Decimation through forced labor with insufficient nourishment
Eventual death for all

27. Deportation
Trains were used for transporting of Jews and undesirables to concentration and death camps.
Trains were referred to as cattle cars—over 100 people in a space meant for less than 50
Jews were forced to purchase a one-way resettlement ticket for the trains

28. Transports

29. How would the Final Solution be carried out?
Construction of Death Camps
All camps will be located in Poland (occupied during WWI by Germany)
Sobibor, Belzec, Treblinka, Majdanek, Chelmo, Auschwitz-Birkenau
All camps were constructed with gas chambers
Gassed using Zyklon B gas

30. Auschwitz

31. Resistance Armed Resistance in ghettos and camps
-Warsaw Ghetto uprising
Spiritual Resistance (continued to practice customs
Escaped and hid
Righteous Gentiles-non-Jews who gave aid to Jews