1. Chemistry in everyday life
Chapter 36
Chemistry in everyday life

2. Fossil Fuels The burning of fossil fuels is a chemical reaction.
Fossil fuels are formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago.
Coil,oil and natural gas are fossil fuels.
Natural gas is mainly methane (CH4)

3. Fossil fuels

4. Hydrocarbons Most fossil fuels contain chemicals called Hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen only.
When Hydrocarbons are burned carbon dioxide and water are formed.
Fossil fuel + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water
(Methane + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water)
CH O CO H2O

5. Burning of Hydrocarbons
This experiment shows that Carbon dioxide and water are formed when Hydrocarbons are burned.
The liquid in the u-tube turns cobalt chloride from blue to pink.This shows that water is formed.
The limewater turns milky. This shows that carbon dioxide is also formed.

6. Acid Rain Rain is naturally slightly acidic.
This is because CO2 reacts with air to form a weak solution of Carbonic acid with a pH of 5.5.
Carbon dioxide Water Carbonic Acid
CO H2O H2CO3
However some fossil fuels contain sulfur compounds which release the gas sulfur dioxide on burning.

7. Water + Sulfur Dioxide Sulfurous acid H2O + SO2 H2SO3
Acid rain results from the gases sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide dissolving in rainwater to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid
Water + Sulfur Dioxide Sulfurous acid H2O SO H2SO3
The acid later becomes sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
Acid rain is rainwater with a pH less than5.5.
Acid rain kills fish, damages trees and corrodes limestone buildings.

8. Acid rain pollution

9. Cause and effect of acid rain

10. Corrosion due to acid rain

11. Acid rain in Europe

12. Plastics
Plastics are man-made materials made from chemicals extracted from crude oil.
Simple chemicals called monomers are reacted together to form large chains of molecules called polymers used to make plastics.

13. Properties of plastics
Plastics have many useful properties.They are
lightweight
durable and strong
waterproof
easy to clean
can be molded into different shapes
cheap to produce

14. Types of plastics
Polythene-plastic bags, buckets, lunch boxes and insulation for electric wiring.

15. NYLON
Nylon-stockings, carpets and ropes

16. PVC
PVC-
gutters, windows,
shower curtain, raincoats

17. Polystyrene
Polystyrene-yogurt tubs, packaging

18. Perspex
Perspex-glass like substance, light cover for cars, protective shields

19. Disadvantage of plastics
One of the disadvantages of plastics is that they are non-biodegradable. This means that they cannot be broken down by living organisms.
This can lead to serious litter problems.

20. Plastic or paper?