1. Notes – Interactions

2. Key terms: Niche = the way an organism makes a living (its career)
Examples:
Habitat = where an organism lives (its address)

3. Businesses have niches too
Businesses have niches too. Think about McDonald’s, Taco Bell, and Subway…
How are their niches similar? Different?

4. What types of interactions?
Competition: (-/-) when two species fight for the same resources.
Predation: (+/-) When one species hunts and eats another.

5. Competition Example: Zebras, Wildebeests and Gazelles have evolved a taste for different parts of the same plant.
Behavioral Isolation: “Zebras migrate with well over a million wildebeests and gazelles. A taste for different plant parts keeps the grazing competition down.” -NatGeo sept

6. Predation example: Snake can detach its jaw to fit a mouse inside.
Behavioral Isolation: “Zebras migrate with well over a million wildebeests and gazelles. A taste for different plant parts keeps the grazing competition down.” -NatGeo sept

7. Some Adaptations in Predators
Speed
Weapons
Stingers
Venom
Sensors
Agility
Camouflage
Intelligence

8. Some Adaptations in Prey
Speed
Weapons
Poison
Sensors
Camouflage
Deceptive markings
Warning coloration
Mimic a harmful species

9. Which adaptation?
Camouflage: canyon tree frog

10. Deceptive markings: False eyespots
Which adaptation?
Deceptive markings: False eyespots

11. Which adaptation?
Poison Arrow Frog
Warning coloration

12. Which adaptation? Mimicry Green parrot snake (venomous)
Hawk moth larva (non-venomous
Insect larva)
Mimicry

13. Another example of Mimicry
Cuckoo bee (tastes bad)
Yellow jacket
(tastes bad)
Two inedible species mimic each other

14. Which adaptation? What does this look like to a bird?
Deceptive coloration

15. Deceptive Coloration
Deceptive coloration

16. Other Interactions that lead to Co-Evolution:
Parasitism: (+/-) When one species uses and harms another species, but keeps it alive.
Mutualism: (+/+) When both species benefit from the interaction.
Commensualism: (+/0) One species benefits and the other is unaffected.

17. Both ants and acacia trees benefit. What type of interaction?
Mutualism

18. Egret gets a perch and a free ride. Water buffalo is unharmed
Egret gets a perch and a free ride. Water buffalo is unharmed. What type?
Commensalism

19. The guinea worm is coiled under the skin of an 18 year old man
The guinea worm is coiled under the skin of an 18 year old man. This is not good for the man. What type of interaction?
Dracunculiasis, more commonly known as Guinea worm disease (GWD), is an infection caused by the parasite Dracunculus medinensis (also known as "Guinea worm"). Dracunculus comes from the Latin "little dragon".
parasitism

20. The green color is from photosynthetic algae that live in the tissue of this anemone. What type of interaction?
And, for review, what is the anemone’s phylum, and what are its stinging cells called?
Mutualism

21. What type of interaction?
Predation
Lioness snags a kudu

22. What type of interaction?
Commensalism

23. Key point: Predators and prey are locked in an arms race.
Some species work together to survive.
Species that compete sometimes separate into different niches – behavioral isolation.