1. Community Health Lecture # 1 Intro. to Community Health
Mohammed Alardawi

2. a field of public health, is a discipline which concerns itself with the study and improvement of the health characteristics of biological communities. While the term community can be broadly defined, community health tends to focus on geographical areas rather than people with shared characteristics.
صحة المجتمع: هو علم وفن تعزيز الصحة، ومنع المرض والأذى وإطالة العمر من خلال الجهود المنظمة للمجتمع. وصحة المجتمع يسعى إلى تحسين صحة البشر  من خلال التطور وتطبيق المعرفة التي تمنع الأمراض وتحمي الناس من الأذى إضافة إلى تحسين الصحة بشكل عام.

3. What does Health mean?
Is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
هي تمام الصحة النفسية والجسدية والعقلية وليس مجرد خلو الفرد من مرض او عاهة.

4. What does Disease mean?
A disease is an interruption, cessation, or disorder of body function, system or organs.
وهي حالة توقف، انقطاع، او خلل في وظائف الجسم او احد اجهزته او اعضائه.
Enumerate some diseases that you know?

5. Some terminologies
Disorder is a functional abnormality or disturbance.
هو عجز او خلل في العمل الوظيفي للجسم. (الاضطراب النفسي)
A medical condition is a broad term that includes all diseases and disorders. 
وهو مطلح واسع يشمل كل الامراض والاضطرابات
A syndrome is a set of symptoms or conditions that occur together and suggest the presence of a certain disease or an increased chance of developing the disease. 
 مجموعة من الأعراض المرضية والعلامات المتزامنة ذات المصدر الواحد
A disease is an harmful, abnormal condition of an organism. Syndrome is just a collection of related signs/symptoms.
A disease is "an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs function."  It might be caused by infection with a microorganism (germs), it might be caused by dietary deficiency (scurvy, pellagra), it might be caused by environmental poisons (silicosis, lead poisoning), or even be inherited (sickle cell anemia). A syndrome is a broader word (from the Greek, "run together") denoting a collection of signs or symptoms that tend to occur together, possibly but not necessarily disease related.  Before a viral cause was determined, AIDS began it’s clinical life as GRIDS: Gay Related Immune Deficiency Syndrome.  The fact the it was prevalent in homosexuals was one of the first signs that identified the syndrome.  Later its name was changed to the more PC AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.  Doctors see many behavioral syndromes that are not disease related, but have a primarily mental cause, such as bulemia:  Bulemia - Extreme weight loss over a short period of time  Bulemia - Malnutrition (due to extreme lack of food)  Bulemia - Depression and self-hatred  Bulemia - Headaches and bloodshot eyes  Bulemia - Fatigue  Bulemia - Obsession with body weight and appearance The world syndrome is is often used outside of the realm of medicine too, to describe commonly seen sets of associated behaviors or events.

6. Spread of Diseases انتشار الامراض
Endemic: a disease that exists permanently in a particular region or population. (Malaria in Africa).
المرض المتوطن: هو ظهور المرض بصورة دائمية في منطقة معينة او في مجتمع معين.
Epidemic: An outbreak of disease that attacks many peoples at about the same time and may spread through one or several communities.
الوباء :هو انتشار مفاجئ وسريع لمرض في رقعة جغرافية ما فوق معدلاته المعتادة في المنطقة المعنية.
Pandemic: When an epidemic spreads throughout the world.
جائحة: وهو انتشار مرض وبائي في مناطق واسعة.

7. Types of diseases General Classification:
Infectious diseases (Measles, Salmonella, small pox, E coli)
Contagious diseases : spread from one person to another (Flu, Influenza, Pink eye)
Communicable diseases ( AIDS, HPV)
Non-communicable diseases (Hypertension, Diabetes).
Infectious disease
Contagious non contagious
Ex: HIV, Cholera, Influenza Ex: Tetanus, Anthrax
** كل Communicable diseases هي Infectious ولكن ليست كل Infectious diseases هي Communicable.
infectious diseases are caused by microscopic germs (such as bacteria or viruses) that get into the body and cause problems. Some — but not all — infectious diseases spread directly from one person to another. Infectious diseases that spread from person to person are said to be contagious.
A communicable disease is carried by microorganisms and transmitted through people, animals, surfaces, foods, or air. Communicable diseases rely on fluid exchange, contaminated substances, or close contact to travel from an infected carrier to a healthy individual. 

8. Types of diseases Based on the period: Based on the causes:
Acute ( sever, sudden onset, short duration of period)
_ measles, mumps, cholera
Chronic (Less sever, lasting over long time)
_ Cancer, Polio, Syphilis, TB
Based on the causes:
Bacterial dis.
Viral dis.
Parasitic dis. (Leishmaniasis , Malaria)
Fungal dis. (Cryptococcus which cause a type of meningitis)
Aberrant proteins known as prions
Prions are not considered living organisms but are misfolded protein molecules which may propagate by transmitting a misfolded protein state.
بروتين منحرفظ حلل

9. Incubation, Latency, and Communicable Period
ظهور اول علامة مرضية
دخول المسبب المرضي
 incubation period is the time between infection and the appearance of symptoms.
The latency period is the time between infection and the ability of the disease to spread to another person, which may precede, follow, or be simultaneous with the appearance of symptoms.
قابيلة المسبب المرضي على احداث العدوى

11. Transmitted of diseases
Vertical
من الابوين الى الابناء
Horizontal
من شخص مصاب الى شخص قابل للعدوى

12. Four stages of most Diseases المراحل الاربعة لحدوث الامراض
المراحل الاربعة لحدوث الامراض
Stage of recovery, disability or death
Stage of clinical diseases
Stage of
pre-symptomatic diseases
Stage of Susceptibility

13. Stages of prevention

14. السيطرة على الامراض ازالة او تحديد مصدر العدوى او الاصابة .
( Screening)
قطع او الاخلال في سلسلة انتقال المرض.
(Remove the source/ intermediate host of the diseases’ causes)
حماية الاشخاص القابلين للعدوى من الاصابة بالامراض.
(Through Immunization)

15. Ways to prevent diseases

16. الزكام