1. The Expansion of Islam

2. Muhammad fled Mecca in 622, sought refuge in Medina (hejira)
This marked the formation of the umma, or community of Muslim believers

3. 5 Pillars of Islam I. Belief in one God. II. Prayer 5 times a day.
III. Giving of charity (zakat)
IV. Fasting (Ramadan)
V. Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj)

4. 

7. Muhammad and followers conquered Mecca in 630
Ka’ba was repurposed as a Muslim shrine
By the time of Muhammad’s death, much of Arabia had been brought under Muslim control

8. Expansion of Islam-to 632

9. After Muhammad
Death of Muhammad in 632 led to establishment of caliphs, or successors to the prophet (Abu Bakr)
United tribes went on the offensive, establishing the caliphate

10. Expansion of Islam by 8th century

11. Sharia law governed all aspects of life in these conquered areas
Expansion led to factionalism within the umma
Sunnis-Followers of Abu Bakr
Shia-Followers of Ali

14. The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750)
Capital in Damascus
Controlled by Arab military aristocracy
Required jizya from other faiths
Rebellion in Persia brought it to an end

15. The Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258)
More cosmopolitan
Focused on consolidation rather than conquest
Islamic “Golden Age”
Ended w/Mongol sack of Baghdad in 1258