1. KEY CONCEPT The Central Nervous System interprets information, and the Peripheral Nervous System gathers and transmits information.

2. The Nervous System’s two parts work together.
The CNS includes the brain, brain stem, and spinal cord.
(Shown in Orange) receives, interprets,
and sends signals to the PNS (CENTER)
The PNS includes four systems of nerves.
(Shown in Yellow) connects the CNS to your
organ systems. Uses sensory neurons to
to detect stimuli and uses motor neurons
to carry signals from the CNS to your
muscles or organs. (PERIPHERY)

3. The Central Nervous System (CNS) processes information.
The brain has three parts.
cerebrum controls thought, movement, emotion
cerebellum allows for balance
brain stem controls basic life functions
Brain stem
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

4. Brain weighs about 3 lbs. and has over 100 billion neurons.
Meninges – 3 layers of connective tissue which protect the brain from injury
Meningitis – inflammation caused by virus, bacteria, or microorganisms.
Symptoms – headache, stiff neck, fever
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) –
acts to cushion the brain
What is a concussion?

5. Cerebrum (CNS)
Composed of two hemispheres (right and left half)
Side of brain controls opposite side of body – stroke
Part of the brain that interprets signals from the body and forms responses such as hunger, thirst, emotions, motion, and pain
Cerebrum controls:
Intelligence
Personality
Thinking
Perceiving
Producing/understanding
Language
Touch

6. Cerebral cortex (CNS)
Outer layer of the cerebrum which interprets information from your sensory organs and generates responses.
Highly folded – if unfolded, it would stretch across your desk
Each hemisphere is divided into 4 lobes
Frontal lobe – personality, reasoning, judgment, voluntary movement, speech
Parietal lobe – interprets
and coordinates sense of
touch
Temporal lobe- speech
Interpretation and hearing,
Memory
Occipital lobe – visual info.

7. Phineas Gage
1848 – railroad foreman iron rod Frontal lobe damaged
Caused a change in personality and behavior

8. Cerebellum (CNS)
Coordinates movements, maintains posture and balance

9. The brain stem has three parts. (CNS)
Connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls basic activities
midbrain controls some reflexes ex. pupil
pons regulates breathing
medulla oblongata controls heart function, swallowing, coughing

10. The spinal cord controls reflexes.(CNS) (Reflex Arc)
sensory neuron sends impulse to spinal cord
spinal cord directs impulse to motor neuron
does not involve the brain! Needs to be quick!
interneuron
motor neurons
sensory neuron

11. The PNS links the CNS to muscles and other organs.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
The somatic nervous system regulates VOLUNTARY movements.
The autonomic nervous system controls
INVOLUNTARY functions. “automatic”

12. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Sympathetic Nervous system: “fight vs. flight”
Parasympathetic Nervous system: calms the body, conserves energy (Relaxed)