1. The Expansion of Islam

2. Muhammad fled Mecca in 622, sought refuge in Medina (hejira)
This marked the formation of the umma, or community of Muslim believers

3. 5 Pillars of Islam I. Belief in one God. II. Prayer 5 times a day.
III. Giving of charity (zakat)
IV. Fasting (Ramadan)
V. Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj)

4. 

7. Muhammad and followers conquered Mecca in 630
Ka’aba was repurposed as a Muslim shrine
By the time of Muhammad’s death, much of Arabia had been brought under Muslim control

8. After Muhammad
Death of Muhammad in 632 led to establishment of caliphs, or successors to the prophet (Abu Bakr)
United tribes went on the offensive, establishing the caliphate

9. Expansion of Islam-to 632

10. Sharia law governed all aspects of life in these conquered areas
Expansion led to factionalism within the umma
Sunnis-Followers of Abu Bakr
Shia-Followers of Ali