1. Islam
(Muslims)

2. Origins Makkah (Mecca) Muhammad
Trading and religious center on Arabian Peninsula.
Ka'ba
Shrine holding idols to many gods as well as the Black Stone
Muhammad
Born ~570.
Trader…influences & Khadijah
Visions…Gabriel

3. Origins, Contd…
Opposition
Hijrah
Medinah
622
Ka’ba

7. Text Qur’an (Koran) Hadith
Collection of messages to Muhammad from Allah (most via Gabriel).
Hadith
Stories about & sayings of Muhammad

8. Dogma Shari’a Five Pillars
Law and customs based on beliefs in Qur’an and hadith.
Five Pillars
Faith
Prayer
Fasting
Alms
Hajj

9. Observances
Dietary rules
No pork or alcoholic beverages
Calligraphy

10. Women & Society Cons: Pros: Slavery Lived in seclusion
Did not leave their homes without covering themselves
Sometimes literate, but completed their studies away from eyes of unrelated men.
Public roles prohibited.
Men could have as many as 4 wives.
Pros:
Could inherit property & retained it in marriage
Right to divorce (with cause) and remarry.
Slavery
Allowed but Muslims couldn’t enslave other Muslims or “People of the Book”

11. Symbols

12. Islam after Muhammad

13. Split Caliph Shi’ite Sunni
Political/Religious leader of the Islamic world.
Shi’ite
Believed that the caliph should only be a direct descendent of Muhammad
Ali
Sunni
Believed any Muslim could rise to the office of caliph based only on merit of character and ability to lead the Islamic community.
Majority

14. Umayyad Dynasty
Sunni

15. Abbasid Dynasty
Shi’ite

16. Islamic Architecture

17. The Dome of the Rock
Built in 691 in Jerusalem to proclaim the spiritual and political legitimacy of Islam to the ancient world.

22. The Alhambra

27. Hagia Sophia Built by Justinian in Constantinople in 537.
Converted to a mosque in the 15th century after Constantinople was conquered by Mehmet the Conqueror.

33. Taj Mahal