1. SSWH16
The student will demonstrate an understanding of long-term causes of World War I and its global impact.

2. LONG-TERM CAUSES OF WWI:
M. A. I. N.

3. MILITARISM: Glorification of the military; war was made to be romantic
Countries feel threatened, start building up military
Navy was most important branch to build up

4. ALLIANCES: Feeling threatened by expansion & industrialization, countries began to form alliances with each other in case of war
TRIPLE ALLIANCE
(CENTRAL POWERS):
TRIPLE ENTENTE
(ALLIED POWERS):
FRANCE
RUSSIA (1917)
GREAT BRITAIN
UNITED STATES (1917)
SERBIA
ITALY (LATER)
GERMANY
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
BULGARIA

6. IMPERIALISM:
Competition to gain more territory with access to more natural resources and build the largest empire led to tension among nations

7. NATIONALISM: Strong sense of pride for one’s country
Big in France & Germany
Strong nationalism in Russia that caused Austria-Hungry to feel threatened
Balkan region: highest area of tension due to nationalism (known as the “powder keg of Europe”

8. SHORT-TERM CAUSE OF WWI:
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austria)
Sarajevo, Bosnia
June 28, 1914
Assassin: Gavrilo Princip
Member of the Black Hand, Serbian nationalist group
Austria declares war on Serbia

9. ALLIANCES KICK IN: Austria-Hungary calls on Germany
Serbia asked Russia for help
Russia asks France for help
Germany declares war on France
Germany invades Belgium, Great Britain declares war on Germany

10. WORLD WAR 1: CONDITIONS ON THE HOME FRONT

11. WESTERN FRONT: Germany v. France
Began digging trenches to protect their armies from enemy fire (trench warfare)
Caused a stalemate; battle lines remained unchanged in France for 4 years

12. BATTLE OF VERDUN: February 21-December 18, 1916 Lasts 10 months
German strategy: to inflict mass casualties on the French in hopes of taking France
One of the longest & most devastating battles of the war
976,000 deaths
French won

13. TRENCH WARFARE:
Aerial of trenches
No Man’s Land

15. “going over the top” was the only way to take territory

17. “trench foot”

18. EASTERN FRONT: Germany v. Russia
Russia was the least industrialized great power during WWI
Poorly equipped to fight a modern war
Russia left war in 1917 due
to revolution

19. NEW MODERN TECHNOLOGY:
Machine guns
Long range artillery gun
Poison gas
Tanks
Airplanes
Submarines (U-boats)

20. THE END: USA joins Allies, helps Allied Powers win
Germany signed an armistice on Nov. 11, 1918 at 11 AM
Paris Peace Conference:
*victories Allies met in Paris to decide Europe’s fate
*”Big Four:” US, France, Britain, Italy
*Wilson wanted “peace without victory”
*Fourteen Points
*League of Nations

21. TREATY OF VERSAILLES: Forced Germany to sign in June 1919 Provisions:
*War-Guilt Clause
*Reparations ($30 billion)
*Limited German military
*took away German claimed territory
Mandate system: territories that would be administered by Western powers; became European colonies

22. RUSSIAN REVOLUTION:
Vladimir Lenin led a revolutionary group called the Bolsheviks (later called Communists)
Influenced by Marx
Nov. 1917: Bolsheviks overthrew government & seized power easily
After revolution, Lenin asked for peace with Germany, removing Russia from WW1
1922: USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republic)

23. RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (EFFECTS):
Lenin set up new government that would allow all people to share equal rights
However, Communist Party reigned supreme, not the people
Had secret police to enforce laws
Peasants stopped producing grain knowing the government would take it
Lenin compromised with government & privately owned businesses & helped USSR recover from revolution & war

24. EUROPE IN SHAMBLES:
Because of stress of war, governments collapsed in:
1. Russia
2. Germany
3. Austria-Hungary
4. Ottoman Empire

25. HAPSBURG DYNASTY:
Family that ruled in Austria-Hungary for many centuries
Collapsed after WWI due to food shortages, unstable government, influenced by Russian Revolution, and toll of war

26. ROMANOV DYNASTY:
Rulers of Russia from until the Russian Revolution
WW1 caused tension among the Russians which led to revolt
Tsar Nicholas thought WW1 would help rebuild & industrialize Russia
War left Russians starving, soldiers were poorly equipped, men forced to fight

27. COST OF WAR: More than 8.5 million men died in battle
About 18 million had been wounded, many left disabled for life
6-13 million civilians lost their lives
Most countries put all their money & resources into war, were left poor and dissatisfied (about $208 million)
Lost an entire generation of men