1. England and France Develop

2. In the Beginning…
As the kingdom of England and France began to develop into nations, certain democratic traditions evolved.
Modern concepts of jury trials, common law, and legal rights developed during this period

3. Invaders of England By the 800s the Anglo Saxons lived in Britain.
Danish Vikings invade England throughout the 800s
Alfred the Great turned them back and his successors gradually unite England
Called it England or “Land of the Angles”

4. Wait, Two Kings is No Good?
Danish King Canute invades in 1016, uniting Vikings and Anglo-Saxons
1042 King Edward the Confessor
Dies in 1066 with no heirs.
William the Conqueror from Normandy in France (cousin of King Edward the Confessor) and King Harold of England both claim the throne.

5. The Norman Conquest
October 14, 1066 – William of Normandy invades England in what becomes known as the Battle of Hastings
William defeats Harold, now becomes William the Conqueror
King Harold is killed by an arrow in his eye

6. Bayeax Tapestry
The Bayeux Tapestry is a 20 inch by 230 feet long embroidered cloth which illustrates the Norman invasion of England. It is now located in Normandy France.

7. William the Conqueror
Now King of England, William the Conqueror keeps 1/5 of the land and hands the rest out to supporters.

8. Domesday Book
William the Conqueror declared that all of England was his personal property.
To count all of his property (people), he develops the Domesday Book.

9. England’s Evolving Government
William the Conqueror’s descendants owned land in Normandy & England
English King Henry II added land by marrying Eleanor of Aquitaine
English kings spent the next centuries trying to add on to their French lands & strengthen their power

10. Juries and Common Law Henry II ruled England from 1154-1189
He sends judges to all parts of England
They collected taxes, settled lawsuits, punish criminals
Institutes juries
A group of loyal people (ex. 12 neighbors) of accused
The judges’ decisions form English common law
Basis in many English-speaking countries

11. King John King John rules from 1199-1216
Nicknamed “John Softsword” as a failed military leader
He loses Normandy and all his lands in northern France
Cruel to his subjects
Raised taxes to an all-time high to finance his wars
Nobles rebel forcing him to sign the Magna Carta

12. Time of Robin Hood
Probably a combination of multiple men in the Middle Ages
Lived in Sherwood Forest
An outlaw who robbed from the rich and gave to the poor
Attempts to remedy the injustices committed under King John

13. The Magna Carta One of the cornerstones of democratic government
June 15, 1215 nobles force King John to sign the Magna Carta (Great Charter)
Limited power of the king
Guaranteed basic political rights
No taxation w/out representation
A jury trial
Protection of the law

14. Primary Source: Magna Carta
“No freeman shall be taken or imprisoned… or exiled or in any way destroyed, nor will we (the king) go upon him nor send upon him, except by the law of judgment of his peers or by the law of the land.”
“To no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay, right or justice.?”
Why might King John have been reluctant to sign the Magna Carta?
It took power away from the king and granted it to the nobles.

15. The Model Parliament
In 1295, King Edward I summons wealthy townsmen and knights to raise taxes.
Parliament
House of Lords (Nobles, bishops)
House of Commons

16. Analyzing the Magna Carta Use Textbook pg. R48
It is the year 1214, and you are a noble in medieval society. For years, King John has been abusing his rights as king. As a noble, you believe that King John cannot rule the country properly. If someone does not take action, the whole country could be ruined! For this reason, you and other nobles rebel against the king. In 1215, you and other nobles force John to grant a charter, which was the first time anyone had expected an English king to obey a set of rules. Using the reading and the “Magna Carta” you must…
1. Answer questions from textbook in your notes.
2. Identify at least 3 events that lead up to the nobles’ rebellion against King John.
3. List the 3 most important laws in your opinion, which the king would have to obey, and explain why you think they are the most important.
4. Compare the Magna Carta to our lives today, explain at least 3 similarities to the Declaration of Independence or Constitution .

17. Capetian Dynasty 987-Louis the Sluggard dies
Hugh Capet succeeded him and began the Capetian dynasty that ruled France from

18. France Becomes a Separate Kingdom
Early Capetians are weak rulers, but understand that controlling Paris is important. Why?
It was the capital city and was located on a river near trade routes and the English channel.
Gradually kings become stronger and their control spreads outward from Paris.

19. Philip II Becomes Important
Rules from
Became king at 15
Earned name “Augustus” meaning majestic b/c increased the territory of France
Seized land from King John
Triples lands of France
Strong central gov’t
Establishes bailiffs to collect taxes and runs courts

20. Philip II Philip II not a fan of English
Persuaded Henry’s sons into rebelling against their father.
Richard the Lion-Hearted
King John

21. After Philip… Louis IX 1226-1270 Ideal king
Made a saint by Catholic Church
Strengthened central government
Created French appeals court that could overturn decisions of local courts

22. After Louis… Philip IV 1285-1314 Questions pope’s authority
Calls meeting of lords and bishops to support his policies
Includes commoners in meeting

23. Estates General Meeting is called Estates General
Participants in council come from three Estates
First Estate
Church leaders
Second Estate
Lords
Third Estate
Commoners, merchants

24. Think People, Think
Compare the way in which England and France began developing as nations.
Both took control of more lands, expanded power through courts and the law, and included commoners in government.