1. World History A – Chapter 16 Mrs. Krabill
Age of Absolutism
World History A – Chapter 16
Mrs. Krabill

2. Section One: Spanish Power Grows
Focus Question:
How did Philip II extend Spain’s power and help establish a golden age?

3. Charles V (aka: I) Ferdinand & Isabella’s grandson
Ruler of Spanish colonies in Americas AND Hapsburg Empire
Included the Holy Roman Empire AND the Netherlands!
Constant warfare
Religious conflict
Abdicates throne
Divides the empire between his brother & son

4. Philip II Charles V’s son Spain’s overseas empire
Hardworking, devout, ambitious
Absolute monarch: ruler with complete authority over the government and people
Divine Right: Belief that his authority came from God
Married four times to gain alliances…

5. Philip’s Marriages Maria Mary Tudor (Henry VIII’s sister)
Alliance: Portugal
Mary Tudor (Henry VIII’s sister)
Alliance: England
Elizabeth Valois
Alliance: France
Anna
Alliance: Austria

6. Battles for power
Battle of Lepanto 1571: Defeated Ottoman fleet in Greece.
Significance: Showed strength; great victory
Riots in 1560s against Inquisition (maintaining Catholic supremacy) in the Netherlands
Significance: Protestant provinces declared independence

7. Next Target: England Queen Elizabeth I (Henry VIII’s daughter)
Why? They are Protestant AND powerful!
Elizabeth supported the Dutch against Spain
Philip sends an armada (fleet) to invade England
“The Spanish Armada”
Overconfident
The armada was taken over by
English

8. Spain’s power declines
Defeat of Spanish armada
Economic problems
Costly wars
Neglected farming and business
Taxes to small middle class
Expelled Muslims and Jews– artisans
Influx of American gold and silver– inflation

9. Spain’s “golden century”
Brilliance in art & literature
El Greco – master of Spanish painting
Miguel de Cervantes – brilliant writer
Famous for Don Quixote

10. Section two: France under Louis XIV
Focus Question:
How did France become the leading power of Europe under the absolute rule of Louis XIV?

11. Religious conflict in France
1500s – France torn apart by religious wars
Huguenots - French Protestants fought the Catholic majority
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre – complete breakdown of France

12. Henry IV Huguenot prince Inherited the throne in 1589
Fought Catholic opposition
Converted to Catholicism
1598 – Edict of Nantes
Religious tolerance
Repaired France
Improved infrastructure
Revived agriculture

13. Cardinal Richelieu
Henry IV killed – nine year old son, Louis XIII, takes over
Louis appoints Cardinal Richelieu as chief minister
Goal = strengthen gov’t
Destroyed power of Huguenots and nobles
Nobles worked for king

14. Louis XIV (fourteenth )
Became king at the age of five (issues with that?)
Uprising – Fronde – everyone rebelled against noble power
At 23, he begins an absolute monarchy
Believed in “divine right”
“The Sun King”
Estates General did not meet between 1614 & 1789

15. Strengthening royal power
Louis expanded bureaucracy
Appointed tax collectors
Build French army into the strongest in Europe
Over 300,000 soldiers
Jean Baptiste Colbert built up France’s finances
Overseas colonies in North America
France = wealthiest state in Europe

16. Versailles: Symbol of royal power
Royal hunting lodge = palace
Millions of flowers, trees, etc.
Symbol of Sun King
Court ceremonies
Levee = rising ceremony
Diamond buckled shoes!
French nobles – descendants of feudal lords
Threat to power – kept them in check
Ballet becomes popular

17. Decline of France Louis XIV ruled for 72 years (what?!)
Some decisions caused a decline after his rule:
Waging wars ($$$)
Balance of power with allies like Dutch and English
Persecuting Huguenots
Revoked Edict of Nantes
More than 100,000 moved to other countries/Americas
Blow to the French economy

18. Section three: Parliament triumphs in England
Focus Question:
How did the British Parliament assert its rights against royal claims to absolute power in the 1600s?

19. Tudors work with Parliament
Different from France & Spain
Henry VIII broke with Church and made monarch the head of the state and Church
His daughter, Elizabeth I, consulted Parliament as well
Elizabeth died in 1603 without an heir
James Stuart takes over (James I)

20. Century of revolution begins
Suppressed problems of Henry and Elizabeth
James begins to take on “divine right” rather than consult Parliament
Clashes over $$$ and foreign policy
Clashed with Puritans and dissenters within the Church

21. Charles I Inherits the problems in 1625
Behaved like absolute monarch until….
He needs something!
$$$  taxes
Parliament makes him sign the Petition of Right in 1628
Dissolves them a year later
Ruled absolutely for 11 years until…
Needs more money!

22. Long Parliament Respond to Charles with a revolt
Lasted on and off until 1653
Greatest political revolution in British history
Tried and executed Charles’ ministers
He leads troops into Parliament, but they escape
Civil war ensues

23. Civil War Lasted from 1642-1651 Cavaliers vs. Roundheads
Cavs = Charles I supporters
Rounds = Puritans led by Oliver Cromwell
Roundheads prevail
Parliament tries King Charles
First execution of a monarch
Message: Don’t mess with Parliament and try to rule absolutely!
Result: Led to political change

24. Cromwell & the Commonwealth
House of Commons abolishes the monarchy
Establishes Church of England
Declares England a Commonwealth under Cromwell
Challenges for him
Uprisings – Protestant/Catholic
Levellers – poor should have equal say
Puritan influence
Sunday – religious observance
Welcomed Jews back to England

25. Charles II Welcomed back from exile after Cromwell’s death in 1658
Ends “kingless decade”
Monarchy restored
Puritan ideas endured
Valued education, morality, equality, and government
Popular ruler – charming and witty
Blended ruler: absolute monarchy, but respected Parliament

26. James II Charles’ brother – inherits throne in 1685
Openly Catholic (not good)
Angered the people
Fled to France
Glorious Revolution – bloodless takeover
Protestants William & Mary take over– James’ daughter and son-in-law

27. English Bill of Rights Superiority of Parliament over the monarchy
Power of the purse
No ruler could be Catholic
Traditional rights of citizens
No unusual punishment
Trial by jury
Toleration Act – religious freedoms to dissenters (all Protestant)

28. Government evolution Limited monarchy – legislative body limits powers
John Locke – political thinker
New political institutions
Political parties
A cabinet
Office of Prime Minister
Oligarchy – ruling power belongs to a few people

29. Writing assignment Closely read pg. 522 and 523 in your text.
In at least 150 words (good paragraph), explain the following:
What are the similarities between the forming English government and the government in the United States today? What did we take from them?
What is still different?
Why do you think we did not adopt the differences?
Due tomorrow at the beginning of the period.