1. The Age of Absolutism
Chapter 17 Notes

2. Spain

3. Charles V
Ruled Spain + Austrian Hapsburgs (Holy Roman Empire, Netherlands)
Grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella
Devout Catholic
Had to constantly suppress Protestant uprisings
Was too much to handle, gave up and became a monk!

4. Ferdinand Charles’ brother who “inherited” the Hapsburg lands
Became Holy Roman Emperor

5. Philip
“Inherited” Spain, the Netherlands, southern Italy and Spain’s overseas empire
Ruled as an absolute monarch and asserted he had a divine right
Wanted everyone to be Catholic

6. Philip
Philip hated England and Queen Elizabeth I (she supported Protestants)
Philip built a huge armada and planed to invade England
A “freak” storm in the English Channel destroyed most of the armada making it easy for the English to defeat the rest of the ships

7. Spain’s Golden Age Philip was a huge patron of the arts
El Greco was a famous painter
Miguel de Cervantes wrote Don Quixote

8. Economic Decline Philip’s successors were weak Heavy taxes
The expulsion of Jews and Muslims took many skilled laborers away
Inflation

9. France

10. Rebuilding France
France was split between Huguenots (French Protestants) and Catholics
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre Huguenots and Catholics gathered for a wedding and fighting began and 3,000 Huguenots are killed. The next day thousands more were killed

11. Henry IV Huguenot prince Inherited the throne
Converted to Catholic because there were more Catholics in France
Issued the Edict of Nantes to protect Huguenots
Edict of Nantes granted toleration and let Huguenots fortify their cities

12. Cardinal Armand Richelieu
Henry IV was assassinated in 1610
Henry’s 9 year old son Louis XIII inherited the throne
Too young to rule Cardinal Richelieu appointed chief minister
Spent 18 years destroying the Huguenots
He destroyed their armies and dismantled the fortified cities
Cardinal Jules Mazarin became chief minister after Richelieu’s death

13. Louis XIV, the Sun King Inherited the throne at age 5
Jules Mazarin was his chief minister
18 year old Louis stepped up to rule after the death of his chief minister
Believed in divine right… “L’etat, c’est moi” (I am the state)

14. Took the sun as his symbol
Louis XIV, the Sun King
Took the sun as his symbol
Called no meetings of the Estates General (congress)
Gave government jobs
Built a giant army
Had a finance manager Colbert who believed in mercantilism
Very wealthy
Ruled for 72 years

15. Versailles Lavish palace of Louis XIV Housed at least 10,000 people
Lavish Court ceremonies (hold the royal bath tub, buckle his shoes etc.)
1.5 billion dollars to build
Working fountains
¼ mile long with 1,300 rooms

16. Versailles

17. Versailles
past
present

18. Versailles
bedroom

19. Versailles
fountains

20. Versailles

21. Versailles
chapel
video

22. England
Parliament in England

23. The Tudors Tudors ruled England from 1485-1603
Elizabeth I was the last Tudor (Henry VIII daughter) and she had no heirs
1603 she died and the throne passed to cousins ruling in Scotland

24. The Stuarts and King James I
The Stuarts inherited the throne from Elizabeth I
Parliament did not like the Stuarts
James I was the first Stuart king to take over in England
James clashed with Parliament because he did not like being questioned
King James version of the Bible

25. Charles I (Stuart) Inherited the throne from James
Dissolved Parliament and ruled alone for 11 years
Needed money from Parliament, met with them (after 11 years)
Parliament revolted

26. English Civil War Cavaliers supported Charles I
Parliament called Roundheads fought against Charles
Oliver Cromwell led the Roundheads
Roundheads defeated the Cavaliers
Parliaments tried Charles and found him guilty
Charles I executed

27. English Civil War
Roundhead
Cavalier

28. The Commonwealth Established
House of Commons abolished the monarchy
Oliver Cromwell was the new leader of the commonwealth
Charles II was the heir to the throne, so he began an uprising NO
king

29. The Commonwealth Established
Cromwell grew unpopular with the rich gentry
Cromwell dies, need new leadership
Charles II invited to rule England
Cromwell
Charles II

30. Glorious Revolution
Charles’ brother James II inherited the throne after Charles died
James was a more strict Catholic and mistreated Protestants
Powerful Protestants feared James and invited his daughter Mary and her husband William to rule England
She came to England and James fled out of fear
This bloodless overthrow of the king is called the Glorious Revolution

31. William and Mary
Had to sign the Bill of Rights before they would be crowned king/queen
Granted the Toleration Act of 1689 –toleration of Protestants
recap

32. Russia

33. Peter the Great Became czar at age 10
Set out to westernize Russia (shave or beard tax)
Boyars had to serve the state
Wanted a warm-water port
Built St. Petersburg (like Versailles)
Beard tax

34. Beard Tax Didn’t want people to look like
Creepy!

35. St. Petersburg

36. St. Petersburg
St. Petersburg
Versailles

37. Catherine the Great
Inherited the throne after her crazy husband Peter III was murdered
Gave Boyars rights
Gained a warm-water port by taking it from the Ottoman empire
Catherine, Frederick (Prussia) and Joseph II (Austria) all wanted Poland
Divided Poland between the 3

38. Catherine the Great

39. Gift for Catherine the Great